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Review
. 2011 Sep;38(3):609-25.
doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.011.

Mood and menopause: findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) over 10 years

Joyce T Bromberger  1 , Howard M Kravitz
Affiliations
Review

Mood and menopause: findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) over 10 years

Joyce T Bromberger et al. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011 Sep.

Abstract

Women are twice as likely as men to suffer from depressive symptoms/disorder. Research has focused on physiologic and psychosocial differences between men and women; an important target of study has been periods of reproductive changes. Controversy has existed regarding the extent to which the menopausal transition or postmenopause increases the risk for depressive symptoms/disorders. This paper presents findings from analyses of data from the SWAN study and an ancillary study on mental health. We found that risk for high depressive symptoms and disorder is greater during and possibly after the menopausal transition. Other factors contribute to risk for depression.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Fully adjusted random effects logistic regression model examining the odds of high depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥16).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of CES-D ≥16, frequent irritability, nervousness and psychological distress at baseline by race/ethnicity.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Results of multivariable model predicting first depression onset.
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