[Perinatal outcomes of patients with gestational diabetes diagnosed by three different methods]

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes is one of the most common diseases during pregnancy. Despite this situation, there is still no consensus on methods for screening and diagnosis of this disease.

Objective: To assess perinatal outcomes of patients with gestational diabetes diagnosed using three different methods.

Patients and methods: Clinical observational, longitudinal, randomized trial at the National Institute of Perinatology Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes. We included all patients admitted to the Institute for a period of three months without pregestational diabetes. Patients were screened for gestational diabetes with an oral load of 50 g of glucose. Patients with a positive screen were randomized by a computer program that randomly chose patients and made a curve according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association 75 g or 100 g and another group with 75 g according to the criteria of the World Health Organization. Patients with gestational diabetes were followed throughout pregnancy until its reclassification in the puerperium.

Results: Screening was performed in 863 patients and 87 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Perinatal outcomes were similar in patients with gestational diabetes diagnosed using different methods, but there was a higher frequency of pregnancy-induced hypertension in patients diagnosed with the curves of the American Diabetes Association 75 and 100 g compared with the curve of the World Health Organization.

Conclusions: The American Diabetes Association diagnostic method as the World Health Organization are acceptable forms to diagnose gestational diabetes.