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Review
. 2012 Jan;37(1):102-16.
doi: 10.1038/npp.2011.225. Epub 2011 Oct 5.

Somatic treatments for mood disorders

Moacyr A Rosa  1 , Sarah H Lisanby
Affiliations
Review

Somatic treatments for mood disorders

Moacyr A Rosa et al. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012 Jan.

Abstract

Somatic treatments for mood disorders represent a class of interventions available either as a stand-alone option, or in combination with psychopharmacology and/or psychotherapy. Here, we review the currently available techniques, including those already in clinical use and those still under research. Techniques are grouped into the following categories: (1) seizure therapies, including electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy, (2) noninvasive techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and cranial electric stimulation, (3) surgical approaches, including vagus nerve stimulation, epidural electrical stimulation, and deep brain stimulation, and (4) technologies on the horizon. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches to the optimization of each treatment, and new techniques that are under active investigation.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cranial electric stimulation (CES).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Deep brain stimulation (DBS).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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MeSH terms