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. 2011 Oct 6:10:88.
doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-10-88.

Perfluorinated compounds are related to breast cancer risk in Greenlandic Inuit: a case control study

Eva C Bonefeld-Jorgensen  1 , Manhai Long, Rossana Bossi, Pierre Ayotte, Gert Asmund, Tanja Krüger, Mandana Ghisari, Gert Mulvad, Peder Kern, Peter Nzulumiki, Eric Dewailly
Affiliations

Perfluorinated compounds are related to breast cancer risk in Greenlandic Inuit: a case control study

Eva C Bonefeld-Jorgensen et al. Environ Health. .

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer for women in the western world. From very few cases an extraordinary increase in BC was observed in the Inuit population of Greenland and Canada although still lower than in western populations. Previous data suggest that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) might contribute to the risk of BC. Rat studies showed that perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) cause significantly increase in mammary fibroadenomas. This study aimed at evaluating the association between serum levels of POPs/PFCs in Greenlandic Inuit BC cases and their controls, and whether the combined POP related effect on nuclear hormone receptors affect BC risk.

Methods: Thirty-one BC cases and 115 controls were sampled during 2000-2003 from various Greenlandic districts. The serum levels of POPs, PFCs, some metals and the combined serum POP related effect on estrogen- (ER), androgen- (AR) and Ah-receptor (AhR) transactivity were determined. Independent student t-test was used to compare the differences and the odds ratios were estimated by unconditional logistic regression models.

Results: We observed for the very first time a significant association between serum PFC levels and the risk of BC. The BC cases also showed a significantly higher concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls at the highest quartile. Also for the combined serum POP induced agonistic AR transactivity significant association to BC risk was found, and cases elicited a higher frequency of samples with significant POP related hormone-like agonistic ER transactivity. The AhR toxic equivalent was lowest in cases.

Conclusions: The level of serum POPs, particularly PFCs, might be risk factors in the development of BC in Inuit. Hormone disruption by the combined serum POP related xenoestrogenic and xenoandrogenic activities may contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer in Inuit. Further investigations are needed to document these study conclusions.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Geographical distribution of the breast cancer cases and controls.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Levels of serum POP related xenobiotic induced transactivities of breast cancer cases and controls. A) serum xenobiotic agonistic induced ER and AR receptor transactivity; B) serum xenobiotic induced AhR transactivity (see legend to Table 3). % agonistic XER and XAR indicate a significant increase for the XER and XAR transactivity compared to the the solvent control. AhR-TEQ: AhR-TCDD equivalent. *: significant differences between cases and controls.
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