Congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease predict poor surgical outcomes in older adults undergoing elective diverticulitis surgery

Abstract

Background: Diverticulitis is a common medical condition that disproportionately affects older adults. The ideal management of recurrent diverticulitis, including the role of prophylactic colectomy, remains uncertain.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the outcomes among older patients undergoing elective surgery for diverticulitis and examine subgroups of patients with comorbid congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to determine whether outcomes in these patients are worse than in other groups.

Design: This article reports a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing elective surgery for diverticulitis.

Setting: Data were derived from the 100% Medicare Provider Analysis and Review inpatient files from 2004 to 2007.

Patients: Included were 22,752 patients, age 65 years and older, with a primary diagnosis of diverticulitis that underwent elective left-colon resection, colostomy, or ileostomy.

Main outcome measure: The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome measures were intestinal diversion rates (colostomy and ileostomy) and postoperative complications.

Results: Overall mortality, intestinal diversion (colostomy and ileostomy), and postoperative complication rate were 1.2%, 11.3%, and 22.1%. Patients with congestive heart failure had increased odds of in-hospital mortality (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.59-4.63), colostomy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.69-2.27), and all postoperative complications, including hemorrhagic (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.01-2.11), wound (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.50-2.39), pulmonary (OR 4.2, 95% CI 3.59-4.85), cardiac (OR 4.6, 95% CI 3.68-5.74), postoperative shock/sepsis (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.53-4.35), renal (OR 4.1, 95% CI 3.22-5.12), and thromboembolic (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.00-2.43) complications. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had significantly increased odds of wound (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.19-1.67) and pulmonary (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.94-2.50) complications. Advancing age, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were significantly associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Limitations: Medicare data are limited by the potential for lack of generalizability to patients <65 years and the potential for coding errors.

Conclusions: Elective diverticular surgery in older patients carries substantial morbidity, especially in those patients with comorbid congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The rate of perioperative complications that we document in this patient population may attenuate some of the expected benefit of surgery.