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. 2009 Dec;1(3):1351-63.
doi: 10.3390/v1031351. Epub 2009 Dec 23.

H5N1 Virus Evolution in Europe-An Updated Overview

Giovanni Cattoli  1 , Alice Fusaro, Isabella Monne, Ilaria Capua
Affiliations

H5N1 Virus Evolution in Europe-An Updated Overview

Giovanni Cattoli et al. Viruses. 2009 Dec.

Abstract

Since its emergence in South East Asia in 2003, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A/H5N1 has reportedly caused outbreaks in poultry and/or wild birds in 62 countries, of which 24 were in Europe. Interestingly, out of the many genetic clades circulating in Asia, the westward spread of HPAI A/H5N1 to Central Asia, the Middle East, Europe and Africa was dominated by one single clade, namely clade 2.2. In this paper, we review and update through phylogenetic and gene migrational analysis the information concerning the evolution and the molecular epidemiology of HPAI A/H5N1 on the European continent.

Keywords: Europe; H5N1; avian influenza.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the HA gene of representative H5N1 avian influenza viruses sampled in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Coloured rectangles represent three clades (1, 2.2.1 and 2.3.2) and three distinct sublineages of 2.2 clades (sublineages I, II and III). Bootstrap values (>70) are shown for key nodes. All horizontal branch lengths are drawn to a nucleotide substitution per site scale.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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