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. 2010 Feb;2(2):503-531.
doi: 10.3390/v2020503. Epub 2010 Feb 2.

HIV Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance

André F Santos  1 , Marcelo A Soares  1   2
Affiliations

HIV Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance

André F Santos et al. Viruses. 2010 Feb.

Abstract

Most of the current knowledge on antiretroviral (ARV) drug development and resistance is based on the study of subtype B of HIV-1, which only accounts for 10% of the worldwide HIV infections. Cumulative evidence has emerged that different HIV types, groups and subtypes harbor distinct biological properties, including the response and susceptibility to ARV. Recent laboratory and clinical data highlighting such disparities are summarized in this review. Variations in drug susceptibility, in the emergence and selection of specific drug resistance mutations, in viral replicative capacity and in the dynamics of resistance acquisition under ARV selective pressure are discussed. Clinical responses to ARV therapy and associated confounding factors are also analyzed in the context of infections by distinct HIV genetic variants.

Keywords: HIV-1; clinical response; drug resistance; genetic diversity; subtypes.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
pol gene nucleotide distance within HIV groups, subtypes, sub-subtypes, populations and intrahost quasispecies. Estimates are presented as percentages of distances.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Worldwide prevalence of HIV-1 group M subtypes and CRF.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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