A genetic screen reveals Arabidopsis stomatal and/or apoplastic defenses against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
- PMID: 21998587
- PMCID: PMC3188540
- DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002291
A genetic screen reveals Arabidopsis stomatal and/or apoplastic defenses against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Abstract
Bacterial infection of plants often begins with colonization of the plant surface, followed by entry into the plant through wounds and natural openings (such as stomata), multiplication in the intercellular space (apoplast) of the infected tissues, and dissemination of bacteria to other plants. Historically, most studies assess bacterial infection based on final outcomes of disease and/or pathogen growth using whole infected tissues; few studies have genetically distinguished the contribution of different host cell types in response to an infection. The phytotoxin coronatine (COR) is produced by several pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae. COR-deficient mutants of P. s. tomato (Pst) DC3000 are severely compromised in virulence, especially when inoculated onto the plant surface. We report here a genetic screen to identify Arabidopsis mutants that could rescue the virulence of COR-deficient mutant bacteria. Among the susceptible to coronatine-deficient Pst DC3000 (scord) mutants were two that were defective in stomatal closure response, two that were defective in apoplast defense, and four that were defective in both stomatal and apoplast defense. Isolation of these three classes of mutants suggests that stomatal and apoplastic defenses are integrated in plants, but are genetically separable, and that COR is important for Pst DC3000 to overcome both stomatal guard cell- and apoplastic mesophyll cell-based defenses. Of the six mutants defective in bacterium-triggered stomatal closure, three are defective in salicylic acid (SA)-induced stomatal closure, but exhibit normal stomatal closure in response to abscisic acid (ABA), and scord7 is compromised in both SA- and ABA-induced stomatal closure. We have cloned SCORD3, which is required for salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, and SCORD5, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein, AtGCN20/AtABCF3, predicted to be involved in stress-associated protein translation control. Identification of SCORD5 begins to implicate an important role of stress-associated protein translation in stomatal guard cell signaling in response to microbe-associated molecular patterns and bacterial infection.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Figures








Similar articles
-
A prominent role of the flagellin receptor FLAGELLIN-SENSING2 in mediating stomatal response to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis.Plant Physiol. 2010 Jul;153(3):1188-98. doi: 10.1104/pp.110.157016. Epub 2010 May 10. Plant Physiol. 2010. PMID: 20457804 Free PMC article.
-
Positive regulation of BBX11 by NAC053 confers stomatal and apoplastic immunity against bacterial infection in Arabidopsis.New Phytol. 2025 May;246(4):1816-1833. doi: 10.1111/nph.70096. Epub 2025 Mar 20. New Phytol. 2025. PMID: 40110940
-
Regulation of Stomatal Responses to Pathogen and Drought Stress by the F-Box Protein AtSKIP5.Mol Plant Pathol. 2025 Mar;26(3):e70074. doi: 10.1111/mpp.70074. Mol Plant Pathol. 2025. PMID: 40083064 Free PMC article.
-
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000: a model pathogen for probing disease susceptibility and hormone signaling in plants.Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2013;51:473-98. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102321. Epub 2013 May 31. Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2013. PMID: 23725467 Review.
-
The phytotoxin coronatine is a multifunctional component of the virulence armament of Pseudomonas syringae.Planta. 2014 Dec;240(6):1149-65. doi: 10.1007/s00425-014-2151-x. Epub 2014 Aug 26. Planta. 2014. PMID: 25156488 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
The Arabidopsis homolog of human G3BP1 is a key regulator of stomatal and apoplastic immunity.Life Sci Alliance. 2018 May 31;1(2):e201800046. doi: 10.26508/lsa.201800046. eCollection 2018 May. Life Sci Alliance. 2018. PMID: 30456348 Free PMC article.
-
Stomatal Defense a Decade Later.Plant Physiol. 2017 Jun;174(2):561-571. doi: 10.1104/pp.16.01853. Epub 2017 Mar 24. Plant Physiol. 2017. PMID: 28341769 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Diverse mechanisms of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in a thousand natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana.New Phytol. 2017 Jun;214(4):1673-1687. doi: 10.1111/nph.14517. Epub 2017 Mar 13. New Phytol. 2017. PMID: 28295393 Free PMC article.
-
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 polymutants deploying coronatine and two type III effectors produce quantifiable chlorotic spots from individual bacterial colonies in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.Mol Plant Pathol. 2018 Apr;19(4):935-947. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12579. Epub 2017 Sep 25. Mol Plant Pathol. 2018. PMID: 28677296 Free PMC article.
-
Disease resistance or growth: the role of plant hormones in balancing immune responses and fitness costs.Front Plant Sci. 2013 May 24;4:155. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00155. eCollection 2013. Front Plant Sci. 2013. PMID: 23745126 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Preston GM. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato: the right pathogen, of the right plant, at the right time. Mol Plant Pathol. 2000;1:263–275. - PubMed
-
- Mitchell RE. Coronatine production by some phytopathogenic Pseudomonads. Physiol Plant Pathol. 1982;20:83–89.
-
- Ma SW, Morris VL, Cuppels DA. Characterization of a DNA region required for production of the phytotoxin coronatine by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1991;4:69–77.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Molecular Biology Databases