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. 2011 Sep;8(9):3712-27.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph8093712. Epub 2011 Sep 16.

Apparent temperature and cause-specific mortality in Copenhagen, Denmark: a case-crossover analysis

Janine Wichmann  1 , Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Matthias Ketzel, Thomas Ellermann, Steffen Loft
Affiliations

Apparent temperature and cause-specific mortality in Copenhagen, Denmark: a case-crossover analysis

Janine Wichmann et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Sep.

Abstract

Temperature, a key climate change indicator, is expected to increase substantially in the Northern Hemisphere, with potentially grave implications for human health. This study is the first to investigate the association between the daily 3-hour maximum apparent temperature (Tapp(max)), and respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in Copenhagen (1999-2006) using a case-crossover design. Susceptibility was investigated for age, sex, socio-economic status and place of death. For an inter-quartile range (7 °C) increase in Tapp(max), an inverse association was found with cardiovascular mortality (-7% 95% CI -13%; -1%) and none with respiratory and cerebrovascular mortality. In the cold period all associations were inverse, although insignificant.

Keywords: cardiovascular; case-crossover; cerebrovascular; epidemiology; mortality; respiratory; temperature.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percentage change (95% CI) in cause-specific mortality in Copenhagen per interquartile range increase in Tappmax during the cold period* (1 January 1999–31 December 2006), adjusted for public holidays and influenza. * Cold period: October–March.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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