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. 2011 Nov;23(4):1125-38.
doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000599.

Interactive effects of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1, serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region, and child maltreatment on diurnal cortisol regulation and internalizing symptomatology

Dante Cicchetti  1 , Fred A Rogosch, Assaf Oshri
Affiliations

Interactive effects of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1, serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region, and child maltreatment on diurnal cortisol regulation and internalizing symptomatology

Dante Cicchetti et al. Dev Psychopathol. 2011 Nov.

Abstract

Within an allostatic load framework, the effect of Gene × Environment (G × E) interactions on diurnal cortisol regulation and internalizing symptomatology were investigated. Variation in the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) TAT haplotype and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) was determined in a sample of maltreated (n = 238, 21.4% with early physical and sexual abuse) and nonmaltreated (n = 255) children (M age = 10.08) participating in a summer research camp. Internalizing and depressive symptoms were assessed by other and self-report. G × E effects for CRHR1 and maltreatment and early abuse on diurnal cortisol regulation were observed; CRHR1 variation was related to cortisol dysregulation only among maltreated children. Early abuse and high internalizing symptoms also interacted to predict atypical diurnal cortisol regulation. The interaction of CRHR1, 5-HTTLPR, and child maltreatment (G × G × E) identified a subgroup of maltreated children with high internalizing symptoms who shared the same combination of the two genes. The findings support an allostatic load perspective on the effects of the chronic stress associated with child maltreatment on cortisol regulation and internalizing symptomatology as moderated by genetic variation.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Figures 1a and 1b. Interaction effect of early abuse and internalizing/depression symptoms on diurnal change in cortisol. Note: Non Mal = Nonmaltreated; NEPA/SA = Not Early Physical/Sexual Abuse; EPA/SA = Early Physical/Sexual Abuse; Int/CDI = Internalizing/Depressive Symptoms
Figure 2
Figure 2
Figures 2a and 2b. Interaction effect of CRHR1 haplotype groups and early abuse on diurnal change in cortisol. Note: Non Mal = Nonmaltreated; NEPA/SA = Not Early Physical/Sexual Abuse; EPA/SA = Early Physical/Sexual Abuse
Figure 3
Figure 3
Interaction effect of CRHR1 haplotype and 5-HTTLPR genotype groups and maltreatment status on internalizing symptoms Note. *5-HTTLPR genotype group; Non Mal = Nonmaltreated.
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