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. 2011 Sep 1;6(3):320-326.
doi: 10.2174/157436211797483958.

Regulation of neural stem cell in the human SVZ by trophic and morphogenic factors

Lucia E Alvarez-Palazuelos  1 , Martha S Robles-Cervantes  2 , Gabriel Castillo-Velazquez  3 , Mario Rivas-Souza  2 , Jorge Guzman-Muniz  1 , Norma Moy-Lopez  1 , Rocio E Gonzalez-Castaneda  1 , Sonia Luquin  1 , Oscar Gonzalez-Perez  4
Affiliations

Regulation of neural stem cell in the human SVZ by trophic and morphogenic factors

Lucia E Alvarez-Palazuelos et al. Curr Signal Transduct Ther. .

Abstract

The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricular system, is the largest germinal region in mammals. In there, neural stem cells express markers related to astoglial lineage that give rise to new neurons and oligodendrocytes in vivo. In the adult human brain, in vitro evidence has also shown that astrocytic cells isolated from the SVZ can generate new neurons and oligodendrocytes. These proliferative cells are strongly controlled by a number of signals and molecules that modulate, activate or repress the cell division, renewal, proliferation and fate of neural stem cells. In this review, we summarize the cellular composition of the adult human SVZ (hSVZ) and discuss the increasing evidence showing that some trophic modulators strongly control the function of neural stem cells in the SVZ.

Keywords: Subventricular zone; astrocyte; human; neural stem cell; neurodegenerative.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic drawing of aNSCs. Multipotent NSCs (Type-B cells) originate Type-C cells, also called transit-amplifying precursors. In vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that SVZ NSCs give rise to oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons. Red short arrows represent the self-renewal capacity of the cell.
Figure 2
Figure 2
NSCs reside in the SVZ along the walls of lateral ventricles. The SVZ contains multipotent Type-B cells that originate Type-C cells, which give rise to migrating neuroblasts (Type-A cells). In several species, new neurons derived from the SVZ migrate to the olfactory bulb via the rostral migratory stream. Nevertheless, in the adult human brain such migratory route has not been confirmed, yet.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation of the lateral ventricular system in adult human brain. Coronal sections represent the division of regions suggested by Rothon [60]: the anterior horn (red), the body of the ventricle (yellow), the occipital horn (green) and the temporal horn (blue). Each region has been subdivided in dorsal, intermediate and ventral parts.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic drawing of the cytoarchitecture of the human SVZ. The human SVZ displays unique characteristics in the layer II and layer III. In the hypocellular gap (Layer II), there are some doublecortin-positive filaments and several clusters of 3 or 4 displaced ependymal cells. Layer III shows an organization in ribbon formed by stellate GFAP+ cells.
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