Kinase inhibitors from marine sponges

Abstract

Protein kinases play a critical role in cell regulation and their deregulation is a contributing factor in an increasing list of diseases including cancer. Marine sponges have yielded over 70 novel compounds to date that exhibit significant inhibitory activity towards a range of protein kinases. These compounds, which belong to diverse structural classes, are reviewed herein, and ordered based upon the kinase that they inhibit. Relevant synthetic studies on the marine natural product kinase inhibitors have also been included.

Keywords: anticancer agents; cell regulation; marine natural products; marine sponges; protein kinase inhibitors.

Figure 1

Protein kinase C inhibitors isolated from marine sponges.

Figure 2

Cyclin dependant kinase inhibitors isolated from marine sponges.

Figure 3

Tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors isolated from marine sponges.

Figure 4

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors isolated from marine sponges.

Figure 5

Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors isolated from marine sponges.

Figure 6

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors isolated from marine sponges.

Figure 7

Inhibitors of PI3K, Src, and focal adhesion kinase isolated from marine sponges.