Mortality in meconium aspiration syndrome in hospitalized babies

Abstract

Objective: To determine the outcome of the babies in terms of mortality with the diagnosis of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS).

Study design: An observational study.

Place and duration of study: The Neonatal Unit of Services Institute of Medical Sciences and Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from February 2008 to January 2009.

Methodology: All the babies admitted to the neonatal unit during the period of study with the diagnosis of MAS were included. At admission, demographic, maternal, antenatal and natal data were recorded on a specific form. The progress of the baby, including need for ventilation, medications, complications and outcome were also followed and documented.

Results: One hundred and nine babies admitted with MAS, 32% died. Most of the babies (n=73) were admitted from our obstetrical unit and the rest through the emergency department. Majority (60 of 109) were admitted within the 1st hour of life. Most (14 of 15) of the newborns requiring intubation within 1st hour of life, died. Forty four babies were ventilated and 35 of these babies succumbed. Of ventilated babies, 11 developed pneumothoraces. Seventy two percent (13 out of 18) of expired babies stayed for less than 24 hours.

Conclusion: Mortality rate for MAS was higher in the study group as compared to international figures. It was especially high in babies requiring mechanical ventilation in 1st hour of life or with co-existing severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.