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Review
. 2012 Jun;90(4):299-309.
doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02179.x. Epub 2011 Nov 23.

Molecular mechanisms of retinal pigment epithelium damage and development of age-related macular degeneration

Kati Kinnunen  1 , Goran Petrovski, Morten C Moe, András Berta, Kai Kaarniranta
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Molecular mechanisms of retinal pigment epithelium damage and development of age-related macular degeneration

Kati Kinnunen et al. Acta Ophthalmol. 2012 Jun.
Free article

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is attributed to a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It is characterized by degeneration involving the retinal photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane, as well as alterations in choroidal capillaries. AMD pathogenesis is strongly associated with chronic oxidative stress and inflammation that ultimately lead to protein damage, aggregation and degeneration of RPE. Specific degenerative findings for AMD are accumulation of intracellular lysosomal lipofuscin and extracellular drusens. In this review, we discuss thoroughly RPE-derived mechanisms in AMD pathology.

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