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Review
. 2012 Jan;14(1):94-102.
doi: 10.1038/aja.2011.62. Epub 2011 Nov 28.

Surgical techniques for the management of male infertility

Natalya A Lopushnyan  1 , Thomas J Walsh
Affiliations
Review

Surgical techniques for the management of male infertility

Natalya A Lopushnyan et al. Asian J Androl. 2012 Jan.

Abstract

Evaluation and surgical treatment of male infertility has evolved and expanded, now leading to more precise diagnoses and tailored treatments with diminished morbidity and greater success. Surgeries for male infertility are divided into four major categories: (i) diagnostic surgery; (ii) surgery to improve sperm production; (iii) surgery to improve sperm delivery; and (iv) surgery to retrieve sperm for use with in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI). While today we are more successful than ever in treating male infertility, pregnancy is still not always achieved likely due to factors that remain poorly understood. Clinicians treating infertility should advocate for couple-based therapy, and require that both partners have a thorough evaluation and an informed discussion before undergoing specific surgical therapies.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Subinguinal, microscopic approach to varicocele ligation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Two-layer vasovasostomy and (b) modified one-layer vasovasostomy. (c) 10-0 nylon luminal stiches are placed in a two-layer vasovasostomy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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