Use of Lichen and Moss in Assessment of Forest Contamination with Heavy Metals in Praded and Glacensis Euroregions (Poland and Czech Republic)

Abstract

The concentrations of selected metals-Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb-were determined in the samples of Hypogymnia physodes lichen and Pleurozium schreberi moss collected in Polish and Czech Euroregions Praded and Glacensis. More specifically, the samples were collected in Bory Stobrawskie, Bory Niemodlińskie, and Kotlina Kłodzka (Poland) and in Jeseniki (Czech Republic). The concentration of metals in the samples was measured using the atomic absorption spectrometry (flame AAS technique and electrothermal atomization AAS technique). The results were used to calculate the comparison factor (CF) that quantifies the difference in concentration of a given bioavailable analyte × accumulated in lichens and mosses: CF = 2 (c(x,lichen) - c(x,moss)) (c(x,lichen) + c(x,moss))(-1). The values of CF greater than 0.62 indicate the most probable location of heavy metals deposited in the considered area. In this work, the method was used to show a significant contribution of urban emissions to the deposition of heavy metals in the area of Bory Stobrawskie and in the vicinity of Kłodzko City.

Fig. 1

Map with localization of sampling sites

Fig. 2

Statistical parameters of distributions of Cr, Ni, and Cu concentrations in lichen and moss samples collected in BS, BN, KK, and J

Fig. 3

Statistical parameters of distributions of Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations in lichen and moss samples collected in BS, BN, KK, and J

Fig. 4

Areas of the research region for which the comparison factor for specified metals exceeded 0.62 (CF >0.62)