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. 2011;6(11):e27874.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027874. Epub 2011 Nov 21.

The making of a productivity hotspot in the coastal ocean

Dana K Wingfield  1 , S Hoyt Peckham, David G Foley, Daniel M Palacios, Bertha E Lavaniegos, Reginaldo Durazo, Wallace J Nichols, Donald A Croll, Steven J Bograd
Affiliations

The making of a productivity hotspot in the coastal ocean

Dana K Wingfield et al. PLoS One. 2011.

Abstract

Background: Highly productive hotspots in the ocean often occur where complex physical forcing mechanisms lead to aggregation of primary and secondary producers. Understanding how hotspots persist, however, requires combining knowledge of the spatio-temporal linkages between geomorphology, physical forcing, and biological responses with the physiological requirements and movement of top predators.

Methodology/principal findings: Here we integrate remotely sensed oceanography, ship surveys, and satellite telemetry to show how local geomorphology interacts with physical forcing to create a region with locally enhanced upwelling and an adjacent upwelling shadow that promotes retentive circulation, enhanced year-round primary production, and prey aggregation. These conditions provide an area within the upwelling shadow where physiologically optimal water temperatures can be found adjacent to a region of enhanced prey availability, resulting in a foraging hotspot for loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) off the Baja California peninsula, Mexico.

Significance/conclusions: We have identified the set of conditions that lead to a persistent top predator hotspot, which increases our understanding of how highly migratory species exploit productive regions of the ocean. These results will aid in the development of spatially and environmentally explicit management strategies for marine species of conservation concern.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Spatio-temporal data averages off the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Figure panels include: (A) Juvenile loggerhead turtle tracks (1999–2007; n = 30), (B) mean red crab abundance (log num m−3) at each IMECOCAL cruise station (2000–2008). Long-term averages of (C) surface winds (m s−1), (D) sea-surface temperature (°C), (E) vertical Ekman velocity (dm day−1), (F) chlorophyll-a (mg m−3), (G) frontal probability, (H) loggerhead turtle utilization distribution (%). Thin gray line represents the 200-m isobath.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Empirical cumulative distribution plots of long-term conditions for environmental parameters found within high-use turtle habitat (red line) versus ambient environmental conditions (blue line).
Figure panels include: (A) Surface winds, (B) vertical Ekman transport, (C) sea-surface temperature, (D) chlorophyll-a, and (E) frontal probability.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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