Low morbidity and mortality after stenting for malignant bowel obstruction

Abstract

Background: The difference in mortality between emergency and elective surgery for malignant colonic obstruction is more than 5% in healthy patients below the age of 65 and increases with age to around 20%. Emergency surgery can be avoided by endoscopic placement of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS).

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of SEMS as 'bridge to surgery'.

Method: Between January 2001 and July 2008, SEMS were placed for acute malignant colonic obstruction in 45 patients (median age 72 years, range 35-91).

Results: The procedure was technically successful in 43 patients (94%) with resolution of obstructive symptoms within 48 h in 87% of the patients. No perforations occurred during the procedure or while awaiting surgery. Two (4%) patients required a second endoscopic procedure. All patients underwent a single-stage surgical procedure. Postoperative mortality was 2.2% (n = 1). Histology showed advanced colorectal cancer (T3-4N1-2M0-1) in 75% of the patients.

Conclusion: SEMS placement is a safe and effective procedure as bridge to surgery in patients presenting with colonic obstruction due to colorectal malignancy. This procedure carries a risk of serious complications well below that of the reported difference in mortality between emergency an elective surgery.