Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2011 Nov;2(6):40-50.
doi: 10.1109/MPUL.2011.942766.

Perspective on diagnostics for global health

Elain Fu  1 , Paul Yager, Pierre N Floriano, Nicolaos Christodoulides, John T McDevitt
Affiliations

Perspective on diagnostics for global health

Elain Fu et al. IEEE Pulse. 2011 Nov.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Worldwide % mortality by health condition. The exploded pie chart shows the % mortality worldwide by health condition in the four main categories of (i) communicable diseases, (ii) non-communicable diseases, (iii) maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies, and (iv) injuries. A further breakdown of % mortality worldwide for the categories of communicable and non-communicable diseases is provided in the upper pie charts [14].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic of the evolution of POC diagnostics development. The gold-standard laboratory assays are appropriate for settings with a high level of resources. There has been much progress in the development of promising chip-in-a-lab technologies that have, in some cases, been converted to true lab-on-a chip systems for use at the POC. However, the costs of the systems are often a barrier to their use in settings with lower levels of resources. One viable strategy is to push towards fully integrated standards-based systems that leverage the microelectronics and software industries. Also underway, is a movement to create instrument-free diagnostics that will not only have a cost appropriate for the lowest-resource settings, but will also fulfill the equipment-free requirement that is so critical to those settings.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Examples of promising LOC technologies. (A) Microfluidic flow-through membrane immunoassay developed in the Yager lab achieves rapid and sensitive detection using dry reagents stored on the disposable card [27]. (B) The Sia lab has demonstrated higher-level integration that is completely battery-powered [30]. (C) A CD-based approach for cell detection from the Liu lab reduces the requirements for pumps and valves [32]. (D) The Wang lab has developed a wash-free multiplexed immunoassay based on magnetic nanotechnology [35].
Figure 4
Figure 4
The McDevitt group has developed a fully-integrated programmable bio-nano-chip (PBNC) platform that enables new test configurations to be quickly adapted, developed, and applied for a variety of diagnostic indications through the insertion of molecular level code (or disease-specific reagents).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Examples of noteworthy technologies in the movement towards diagnostic devices that are free of dedicated instrumentation. (A) The Delamarche group has developed capillary-based microfluidics in hybrid silicon/PDMS device for the pump-free manipulation of fluids [56]. (B) The Ozcan lab has demonstrated the use of a compact adapter that couples to a cell phone for fluorescence and dark-field imaging of assay results [88]. (C) The Whitesides lab has developed μPADs for multiplexed detection in paper assays [59]. (D) The Henry lab has developed electrochemical detection in paper using screen-printed electrodes [69]. (E) Two-dimensional paper networks (2DPN) for autonomous multi-step sample processing, and thus higher performance assays have been demonstrated by the collaboration of Yager, Lutz, and Fu [89].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Chin CD, Linder V, Sia SK. Lab-on-a-chip devices for global health: past studies and future opportunities. Lab Chip. 2007;7(1):41–57. - PubMed
    1. Yager P, Domingo GJ, Gerdes J. Point-of-care diagnostics for global health. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2008;10:107–44. - PubMed
    1. Yager P, et al. Microfluidic diagnostic technologies for global public health. Nature Insight. 2006;442(7171):412–418. - PubMed
    1. Urdea M, et al. Requirements for high impact diagnostics in the developing world. Nature. 2006;444(Suppl 1):73–9. - PubMed
    1. Hay Burgess D, Wasserman J, Dahl C. Global Helath Diagnostics. Nature. 2006;444(Suppl 1):1–2. - PubMed