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. 2012 Mar;26(2):144-55.
doi: 10.1037/a0026579. Epub 2011 Dec 12.

Do changes in lifestyle engagement moderate cognitive decline in normal aging? Evidence from the Victoria Longitudinal Study

Brent J Small  1 , Roger A Dixon, John J McArdle, Kevin J Grimm
Affiliations

Do changes in lifestyle engagement moderate cognitive decline in normal aging? Evidence from the Victoria Longitudinal Study

Brent J Small et al. Neuropsychology. 2012 Mar.

Abstract

Objective: Do lifestyle activities buffer normal aging-related declines in cognitive performance? The emerging literature will benefit from theoretically broader measurement of both lifestyle activities and cognitive performance, and longer-term longitudinal designs complemented with dynamic statistical analyses. We examine the temporal ordering of changes in lifestyle activities and changes in cognitive neuropsychological performance in older adults.

Method: We assembled data (n = 952) across a 12-year (5-wave) period from the Victoria Longitudinal Study. Latent change score models were applied to examine whether (and in which temporal order) changes in physical, social, or cognitive lifestyle activities were related to changes in three domains of cognitive performance.

Results: Two main results reflect the dynamic coupling among changes in lifestyle activities and cognition. First, reductions in cognitive lifestyle activities were associated with subsequent declines in measures of verbal speed, episodic memory, and semantic memory. Second, poorer cognitive functioning was related to subsequent decrements in lifestyle engagement, especially in social activities.

Conclusions: The results support the dual contention that (a) lifestyle engagement may buffer some of the cognitive changes observed in late life, and (b) persons who are exhibiting poorer cognitive performance may also relinquish some lifestyle activities.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Implied Means from the Univariate LCS models for Cognitive Performance (panel a) and Lifestyle Activities (panel b)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Vector Field Plots for Lifestyle Activities and the Three Cognitive Domains
Figure 2
Figure 2
Vector Field Plots for Lifestyle Activities and the Three Cognitive Domains
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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