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. 2012 Feb;50(2):407-13.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.05798-11. Epub 2011 Dec 7.

Most HIV type 1 non-B infections in the Spanish cohort of antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients (CoRIS) are due to recombinant viruses

Gonzalo Yebra  1 , Miguel de Mulder, Leticia Martín, Carmen Rodríguez, Pablo Labarga, Isabel Viciana, Juan Berenguer, María Remedios Alemán, Juan Antonio Pineda, Federico García, Africa Holguín; Cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS)
Collaborators, Affiliations

Most HIV type 1 non-B infections in the Spanish cohort of antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients (CoRIS) are due to recombinant viruses

Gonzalo Yebra et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Feb.

Abstract

HIV-1 group M is classified into 9 subtypes, as well as recombinants favored by coinfection and superinfection events with different variants. Although HIV-1 subtype B is predominant in Europe, intersubtype recombinants are increasing in prevalence and complexity. In this study, phylogenetic analyses of pol sequences were performed to detect the HIV-1 circulating and unique recombinant forms (CRFs and URFs, respectively) in a Spanish cohort of antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients included in the Research Network on HIV/AIDS (CoRIS). Bootscanning and other methods were used to define complex recombinants not assigned to any subtype or CRF. A total of 670 available HIV-1 pol sequences from different patients were collected, of which 588 (87.8%) were assigned to HIV-1 subtype B and 82 (12.2%) to HIV-1 non-B variants. Recombinants caused the majority (71.9%) of HIV-1 non-B infections and were found in 8.8% of CoRIS patients. Eleven URFs (accounting for 13.4% of HIV-1 non-B infections), presenting complex mosaic patterns, were detected. Among them, 10 harbored subtype B fragments. Four of the 11 URFs were found in Spanish natives. A cluster of three B/CRF02_AG recombinants was detected. We conclude that complex variants, including unique recombinant forms, are being introduced into Spain through both immigrants and natives. An increase in the frequency of mosaic viruses, reflecting the increasing heterogeneity of the HIV epidemic in our country, is expected.

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Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
HIV-1 subtypes in the Spanish Cohort (CoRIS). (A) Distribution of HIV-1 variants in CoRIS according to phylogenetic analyses of the 670 pol sequences. (B) Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree including the 11 HIV-1 unique recombinant forms found in the study population. The URFs are bulleted and are connected by blue horizontal lines to diagrams of the mosaic patterns of their pol sequences (length, 1,300 nucleotides). PR, protease; RT, reverse transcriptase. Bootstrap values of 1,000 repetitions are expressed as percentages. The original tree included all CRFs described at the moment of this work.
Fig 2
Fig 2
Distribution of patients infected by HIV-1 recombinants in CoRIS according to their geographic origins.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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