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Case Reports
. 2011;9(11):2164-2175.
doi: 10.3390/md9112164. Epub 2011 Oct 31.

An acute case of intoxication with cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in recreational water in Salto Grande Dam, Argentina

Leda Giannuzzi  1 , Daniela Sedan  1 , Ricardo Echenique  2 , Dario Andrinolo  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

An acute case of intoxication with cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in recreational water in Salto Grande Dam, Argentina

Leda Giannuzzi et al. Mar Drugs. 2011.

Abstract

Cyanobacterial blooms and hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) usually occur in summer, constituting a sanitary and environmental problem in Salto Grande Dam, Argentina. Water sports and recreational activities take place in summer in this lake. We reported an acute case of cyanobacterial poisoning in Salto Grande dam, Argentina, which occurred in January 2007. Accidentally, a young man was immersed in an intense bloom of Microcystis spp. A level of 48.6 μg·L(-1) of microcystin-LR was detected in water samples. Four hours after exposure, the patient showed nausea, abdominal pain and fever. Three days later, dyspnea and respiratory distress were reported. The patient was hospitalized in intensive care and diagnosed with an atypical pneumonia. Finally, a week after the exposure, the patient developed a hepatotoxicosis with a significant increase of hepatic damage biomarkers (ALT, AST and γGT). Complete recovery took place within 20 days. This is the first study to show an acute intoxication with microcystin-producing cyanobacteria blooms in recreational water.

Keywords: acute case; cyanobacteria; cyanotoxins; microcystin-LR.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of photodiode array detector (DAD) from microcystin from water samples.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Evolution of acid-base status parameters: □ PCO2 (mmHg); Δ PO2 (mmHg); ○ oxygen saturation (Sat O2) (%). Dotted lines are normal values.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Evolution of liver function parameters in serum samples. ▾ γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT); ○ Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (IU.L-1); ▴ Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU.L-1); Δ Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (IU.L-1). Dotted lines are normal values.
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