Use of array genomic hybridization technology in prenatal diagnosis in Canada

Abstract

Objective: To summarize for obstetrical care providers the current literature on array genomic hybridization in prenatal diagnosis and to outline the recommendations of the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists regarding the use of this new technology with respect to prenatal diagnosis.

Evidence: PubMed and Medline were searched for articles published in English between 2004 and 2010, using the key words DNA QF-PCR, quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction, fetal chromosomal abnormalities, prenatal diagnosis, array genomic hybridization, fetal structural anomalies, and copy number variants. Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. Searches were updated on a regular basis, and articles were incorporated in the guideline to September 2011. Grey (unpublished) literature was identified through searching the websites of health technology assessment and health technology assessment-related agencies, clinical practice guideline collections, clinical trial registries, and national and international medical specialty societies.

Values: The quality of evidence in this document was rated using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (Table 1).

Recommendations: 1. Array genomic hybridization is not recommended in pregnancies at low risk for a structural chromosomal abnormality; for example, advanced maternal age, positive maternal serum screen, previous trisomy, or the presence of "soft markers" on fetal ultrasound. (III-D) 2. Array genomic hybridization may be an appropriate diagnostic test in cases with fetal structural abnormalities detected on ultrasound or fetal magnetic resonance imaging; it could be done in lieu of a karyotype if rapid aneuploidy screening is negative and an appropriate turnaround time for results is assured. (II-2A) 3. Any pregnant woman who qualifies for microarray genomic hybridization testing should be seen in consultation by a medical geneticist before testing so that the benefits, limitations, and possible outcomes of the analysis can be discussed in detail. The difficulties of interpreting some copy number variants should also be discussed. This will allow couples to make an informed decision about whether or not they wish to pursue such prenatal testing. (III-A).