Comparisons of complementary feeding indicators and associated factors in children aged 6-23 months across five South Asian countries

Abstract

Improving infant and young child feeding practices will help South Asian countries achieve the Millennium Development Goal of reducing child mortality. This paper aims to compare key indicators of complementary feeding and their determinants in children aged 6-23 months across five South Asian countries - Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The latest Demographic and Health Survey and National Family Health Survey India data were used. The analyses were confined to last-born children aged 6-23 months - 1728 in Bangladesh, 15,028 in India, 1428 in Nepal, 2106 in Sri Lanka and 443 infants aged 6-8 months in Pakistan. Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet, and their significant determinants were compared across the countries. Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6-23 months ranged from 15% in India to 71% in Sri Lanka, with Nepal (34%) and Bangladesh (42%) in between. Minimum acceptable diet among breastfed children was 9% in India, 32% in Nepal, 40% in Bangladesh and 68% in Sri Lanka. The most consistent determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices across all countries were the lack of maternal education and lower household wealth. Limited exposure to media, inadequate antenatal care and lack of post-natal contacts by health workers were among predictors of inappropriate feeding. Overall, complementary feeding practices among children aged 6-23 months need improvement in all South Asian countries. More intensive interventions are necessary targeting the groups with sup-optimal practices, while programmes that cover entire populations are being continued.

Figure 1

Across‐country comparison of prevalence of introduction of solid, semi‐solid or soft food in infants aged 6–8 months in five South Asian countries, 2005–2007. Error bars in the columns represent 95% confidence intervals.

Figure 2

Across‐country comparison of prevalence of minimum dietary diversity in children aged 6–23 months in four South Asian countries, 2005–2007. Error bars in the columns represent 95% confidence intervals.

Figure 3

Across‐country comparison of prevalence of minimum meal frequency in children aged 6–23 months in four South Asian countries, 2005–2007. Error bars in the columns represent 95% confidence intervals.

Figure 4

Across‐country comparison of prevalence of minimum acceptable diet for breastfed children aged 6–23 months in four South Asian countries, 2005–2007. Error bars in the columns represent 95% confidence intervals.