Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve: short-term outcomes of the "cone procedure" versus conventional surgery

Abstract

Objectives: We report our analysis of conventional surgery and the cone procedure for Ebstein's malformation (EM) of the tricuspid valve at a single institution. Previous conventional surgery for EM, including use of bioprosthetic valves, has inherent problems especially in pediatrics. The newer cone procedure aims to construct a funnel-like valve out of native leaflets, obviating problems with artificial valves.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study to examine short-term outcomes of both surgeries for EM.

Results: Nineteen patients (our initial cohort) had the cone procedure, and 13 had conventional tricuspid valve repair or replacement. No early deaths occurred in either group. Three cone and one conventional repair patients required reoperation. Two of 19 patients in the cone and one of 13 in the conventional group died suddenly >30 days after operation, assumed secondary to dysrhythmias. At discharge, by two-dimensional echocardiography, the cone group had 85% reduction in tricuspid valve regurgitation (TVR), and the conventional group had 56% reduction, P= .004. This decrease of TVR persisted to a greater extent in the cone group.

Discussion: Short-term results for the cone procedure are similar to conventional surgery. The cone procedure uses autologous tissue; hypothetically, early favorable improvement in reduction of TVR should persist.