Comparative analysis of Fusarium mitochondrial genomes reveals a highly variable region that encodes an exceptionally large open reading frame

Abstract

The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium solani and Fusarium graminearum were annotated and found to be 53.7, 63.0 and 95.7 kb in length, respectively. The genomes encode all genes typically associated with mtDNAs of filamentous fungi yet are considerably larger than the mt genome of F. oxysporum. Size differences are largely due to the number of group I introns. Surprisingly, the genomes contain a highly variable region of 7-9 kb that encodes an exceptionally large, unidentified open reading frame (uORF). The region has the hallmarks of a horizontally transmitted DNA and was likely acquired prior to the divergence of Fusarium species. Two additional uORFs were detected that are also under positive selection. DNA repeats associated with the uORFs suggest that 3' gene duplication may be an adaptive mechanism to modify coding regions or generate new ORFs. The acquisition of these new genes contrasts to the wide-scale size reduction experienced by fungal mt genomes.