Evolution of the upper and lower landing site after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Abstract

Background: The evolution and correlation between the aortic neck and distally located iliac necks after endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) was studied.

Methods: Of 179 patients who had undergone AAA repair between 2003 and 2007, 61 received the same radiologic follow-up and were included in this retrospective study. Data for 61 aortic necks and 115 iliac arteries were analyzed using the preoperative scan, 1-month visit, and final follow-up, with a minimum mean follow-up of 24 ± 15.2 months. Three measurements were taken of the aortic neck: subrenal (D1a), 15 mm below the lowest renal artery (D1b), and at the origin of the aneurysm (D1c). Three measurements were taken at the level of the iliac arteries: origin (Da), middle (Db), and the iliac bifurcation (Dc). These measurements were analyzed using analysis of variance and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results were evaluated for subsequent endoleaks, migrations, and reinterventions. All diameters were compared between patients with a regression of >10% in the greatest diameter of AAA at last follow-up (group A, n = 35) and those without (group B, n = 26).

Results: All diameters (in mm) increased significantly over time at the level of the proximal neck (D1a = 3.7 ± 2.8, P = .018; D1b = 4.4 ± 2.5, P = .016; D1c = 4.3 ± 3.1, P = .036) and iliac arteries (Da = 2.1 ± 0.2, P = .0006; Db = 2.5 ± 0.5, P = .0006; Dc = 3 ± 0.7, P = .007). The increase in diameters at the proximal neck and iliac arteries evolved independently (insignificant correlation), with the exception of D1b and Dc (P = .006), which showed a weak correlation (r = 0.363). The group A patients presented increases in all diameters, although to a less significant extent (P < .05) than group B patients. During follow-up, a proximal endoleak and a distal endoleak occurred, both requiring reintervention.

Conclusions: Our results show a trend toward dilatation of the aortic neck and iliac arteries, with no correlation between the two levels, even in patients with a regression of the aneurysm sac during follow-up. Although this study found no correlation with the occurrence of endoleaks, our results suggest the need for a longer follow-up, especially on the landing sites.