Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive population: ten years' trend of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

Purpose: The implication of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the hypertensive population has not been known. The prevalence and the risk factors of MetS among the hypertensive population were investigated.

Method: The first to the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) held from 1998 to 2008, nationally representative cross-sectional survey, were analyzed. MetS was defined following NCEP-ATP III guideline.

Results: In the general population, MetS prevalence was about 27%, however, it was doubled in the hypertensive population, reaching almost 60%. This trend was consistent through the first to the fourth KNHANES. Moreover, although the prevalence of hypertension as well as MetS among the general population has been slightly decreasing, MetS prevalence among the hypertensive population continues to rise which is more obvious among younger patients than the general population both in men and in women. In a multivariate analysis, high BMI, menopause, smoking and daily alcohol intake were suggested as independent risk factors of MetS in hypertensive population. Finally, the presence of MetS was associated with increased prevalence of target organ damage, such as stroke, coronary artery disease and chronic renal disease.

Conclusion: MetS prevalence among hypertensives was much higher than expected. Moreover, MetS increased target organ damage in hypertensives. Investigation of metabolic status when initiating hypertension control could help establish more effective overall risk control.