Total laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: beyond selected patients

Abstract

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) has emerged as the procedure of choice for selected patients. This study is to evaluate the feasibility of LDP and procedural outcomes in a series of consecutive nonselected patients. All patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy over 18 months were identified from a prospectively maintained database, under institutional review board approval. A completely laparoscopic (non hand-assisted) procedure was performed using a 4-trocar technique. Conversion to an open procedure, operative time (OR), estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion requirements, postoperative length of stay (LOS), and complications were assessed. Sixteen patients were identified; 2/16 patients had undergone distal pancreatectomy as a component of another multiorgan open procedure, and were thus excluded. The remaining 14 patients had consented for LDP. Conversion occurred in 4/14 cases. Converted patients trended towards increased OR, EBL, and LOS (P = not significant). No mortalities occurred, and overall morbidities included: pancreatic fistula (n = 2), splenic abscess (n = 1), and pneumonia (n = 1). LDP-splenectomy (n = 3/14) was associated with both increased EBL (683 mL ± 388 vs 168 ± 141, P < 0.002) and increased transfusion rate (3/3 vs 3/11, P = 0.05), as compared with LDP-splenic preservation. LDP with splenic artery preservation (LDP-SAP) was completed in 7 of 14 patients, with less OR (2 hours 29 minutes ± 53 minutes vs 3 hours 40 minutes ± 1 hour, P < 0.05), a decreased transfusion rate (14% vs 71%, P = 0.05), and decreased LOS (2.8 days vs 6.8 days, P = 0.002) compared with LDP without SAP. Pathology was intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) (n = 5), ductal carcinoma (n = 3), high grade dysphasia (n = 2), neuroendocrine tumor (n = 2), and pancreatitis (n = 2). Patients undergoing LDP-SAP demonstrated superior peri-procedural outcomes. This series of nonselected consecutive patients supports that LDP is technically feasible with a comparable procedural outcome to the selected-patient literature, suggesting potentially expanded indications for LDP.