Contact lens physical properties and lipid deposition in a novel characterized artificial tear solution

Abstract

Purpose: To characterize various properties of a physiologically-relevant artificial tear solution (ATS) containing a range of tear film components within a complex salt solution, and to measure contact lens parameters and lipid deposition of a variety of contact lens materials after incubation in this ATS.

Methods: A complex ATS was developed that contains a range of salts, proteins, lipids, mucin, and other tear film constituents in tear-film relevant concentrations. This ATS was tested to confirm that its pH, osmolality, surface tension, and homogeneity are similar to human tears and remain so throughout the material incubation process, for up to 4 weeks. To confirm that silicone hydrogel and conventional hydrogel contact lens materials do not alter in physical characteristics beyond what is allowed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 18369-2. The diameter, center thickness, and calculated base curve were measured for five different lens materials directly out of the blister pack, after a rinse in saline and then following a two week incubation in the modified ATS. To test the ATS and the effect of its composition on lipid deposition, two lens materials were incubated in the ATS and a modified version for several time points. Both ATS solutions contained trace amounts of carbon-14 cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine, such that deposition of these specific lipids could be quantified using standard methods.

Results: This ATS is a complex mixture that remains stable at physiologically relevant pH (7.3-7.6), osmolality (304-306 mmol/kg), surface tension (40-46 dynes/cm) and homogeneity over an incubation period of three weeks or more. The physical parameters of the lenses tested showed no changes beyond that allowed by the ISO guidelines. Incubations with the ATS found that balafilcon A lenses deposit significantly more cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine than omafilcon A lenses (p<0.05) and that removing lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G from the ATS can significantly decrease the mass of lipid deposited.

Conclusions: This paper describes a novel complex artificial tear solution specially designed for in-vial incubation of contact lens materials. This solution was stable and did not adversely affect the physical parameters of the soft contact lenses incubated within it and showed that lipid deposition was responsive to changes in ATS composition.

Figure 1

Lipid deposition study outline using the artificial tear solution (ATS) and two radiolabeled lipids.

Figure 2

Average center thickness of all studied lens materials as measured directly from the blister pack, after a saline soak, and following 14 days incubation in ATS.

Figure 3

Average contact lens diameter of all studied materials as measured directly from the blister pack, after a saline soak, and following 14 days incubation in ATS.

Figure 4

Average contact lens base curve of all studied materials as measured directly from the blister pack, after a saline soak, and following 14 days incubation in ATS.

Figure 5

Cholesterol deposition with and without lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G for omafilcon A and balafilcon A. -LF/IgG=no lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G in the ATS. +LF/IgG=lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G were present in the ATS.

Figure 6

Phosphatidylcholine deposition with and without lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G for omafilcon A and balafilcon A. -LF/IgG=no lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G in the ATS. +LF/IgG=lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G were present in the ATS.