Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2011 Dec;4(4):163-7.
doi: 10.3342/ceo.2011.4.4.163. Epub 2011 Dec 15.

Clinical approaches for understanding the expression levels of pattern recognition receptors in otitis media with effusion

So Yoon Lee  1 , Eun Woong Ryu, Jong Bin Kim, Seung Geun Yeo
Affiliations

Clinical approaches for understanding the expression levels of pattern recognition receptors in otitis media with effusion

So Yoon Lee et al. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Dec.

Abstract

Objectives: Bacterial infections in the normally sterile environment of the middle ear cavity usually trigger host immune response, whereby the innate immune system plays a dominant role as the host's first line of defense. We evaluated the expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) -2, -4, -5, -9, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins (NODs) -1 and -2, all of which are related to bacterial infection in pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion (OME).

Methods: The study sample consisted of 46 pediatric patients with OME, all of whom had ventilation tubes inserted. The expression levels of TLR-2, -4, -5, -9, NOD-1 and -2 mRNA in middle ear effusion were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Difference of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expression level by presence of bacteria, ventilation tube insertion rate, and effusion fluid character was assessed.

Results: All effusion fluid samples collected from patients with OME showed expression of TLR-2, -4, -5, -9, NOD-1, and -2 mRNA by PCR. However, we found no differences among expression levels of PRRs in relation to characteristics of exudates, presence of bacteria, or frequencies of ventilation tube insertion (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that exudates of OME patients show PRR expressions that are related to the innate immune response regardless of the characteristics of effusion fluid, presence of bacteria in exudates, or frequency of ventilation tube insertion.

Keywords: Innate immunity; Otitis media with effusion; Pattern recognition receptors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Yeo SG, Park DC, Lee SK, Cha CI. Relationship between effusion bacteria and concentrations of immunoglobulin in serum and effusion fluid in otitis media with effusion patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Mar;72(3):337–342. - PubMed
    1. Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell. 2006 Feb 24;124(4):783–801. - PubMed
    1. Medzhitov R. Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response. Nature. 2007 Oct 18;449(7164):819–826. - PubMed
    1. Janeway CA., Jr Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1989;54 Pt 1:1–13. - PubMed
    1. Kim MG, Park DC, Shim JS, Jung H, Park MS, Kim YI, et al. TLR-9, NOD-1, NOD-2, RIG-I and immunoglobulins in recurrent otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Dec;74(12):1425–1429. - PubMed