[Identification and characterization of a purple sulfur bacterium from mangrove with rhodopin as predominant carotenoid]

Abstract

Objective: To exploit resources of purple sulfur bacteria in China and further investigate its response mechanism to ecological environment of mangrove.

Methods: Repeated agar shake dilution method, microscope techniques, UV-Vis absorption spectra, thin layer chromatography, HPLC and MS were used.

Results: We isolated a purple sulfur bacterium, designated as strain YL28, from a intertidal sediment sample collected from inshore mangrove near Luoyang Bridge of Quanzhou city, Fujian Province of China. Cells were ovoid to rod shaped, 0.5 microm - 1 microm x 2 microm - 3 microm. Color of cell suspensions was reddish-brown. It possessed vesicular intracytoplasmic membrane structures, contained rhodopin and phytylated bacteriochlorophyll a as well as the other two novel bacteriochlorophyll a intermediates. The optimum growth was at 2% - 3.5% NaCl, pH 5.7 - 6.7 and 20 degrees C - 35 degrees C. Photoautotrophically growth anaerobically in the light with sulphide, sulphur, thiosulfate, sulfite as electron donor. Globules of S(0) distributed inside the cells. Photoheterotrophic growth with various organic substrates, especially citrate, glucose, sucrose, fructose and propanol in the presence of sulfide. Nitrogen sources: ammonium salts, N2, urea, glutamate, nitrate and nitrite. Vitamins were not required. Qualitative assessment of IC50 values of chloromycetin, cefazolin, benzene, hydroxy biphenyl, enrofloxacin, acetamiprid, mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride were 70, 100, 20, 20, 3, 170, 5 mg/L and 25 mg/L, respectively.

Conclusion: Based on phenotype characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99% to M. gracile, strain YL28 was identified as novel isolate of M. gracile despite its different physiological characteristics with respect to the species of M. gracile. The organism is possessed of slightly acid tolerance, higher amount of carotenoid of rhodopin and tolerance towards certain antibiotics, pesticide as well as heavy metals.