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. 2012;7(1):e29292.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029292. Epub 2012 Jan 3.

Ureteral stent retrieval using the crochet hook technique in females

Takashi Kawahara  1 , Hiroki Ito, Hideyuki Terao, Takuya Yamagishi, Takehiko Ogawa, Hiroji Uemura, Yoshinobu Kubota, Junichi Matsuzaki
Affiliations

Ureteral stent retrieval using the crochet hook technique in females

Takashi Kawahara et al. PLoS One. 2012.

Abstract

Introduction: We developed a method for ureteral stent removal in female patients that requires no cystoscopy or fluoroscopic guidance using a crochet hook. In addition, we also investigated the success rate, complications and pain associated with this procedure.

Methods: A total of 40 female patients (56 stents) underwent the removal of ureteral stents. All procedures were carried out with the patients either under anesthesia, conscious sedation, or analgesic suppositories as deemed appropriate for each procedure including Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL), Ureteroscopy (URS), Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and ureteral stent removal. At the time of these procedures, fluoroscopy and/or cystoscopy were prepared, but they were not used unless we failed to successfully remove the ureteral stent using the crochet hook. In addition, matched controls (comprising 50 stents) which were removed by standard ureteral stent removal using cystoscopy were used for comparison purposes.

Results: A total of 47 of the 56 stents (83.9%) were successfully removed. In addition, 47 of 52 (90.4%) were successfully removed except for two migrated stents and two heavily encrusted stents which could not be removed using cystoscopy. Ureteral stent removal using the crochet hook technique was unsuccessful in nine patients, including two encrustations and two migrations. Concerning pain, ureteral stent removal using the crochet hook technique showed a lower visual analogue pain scale (VAPS) score than for the standard technique using cystoscopy.

Conclusions: Ureteral stent removal using a crochet hook is considered to be easy, safe, and cost effective. This technique is also easy to learn and is therefore considered to be suitable for use on an outpatient basis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Crochet hook and the crochet hook technique.
a: Crochet hook. b: The hook was inserted into the bladder and used to draw out the distal end of the ureteral stent. (arrow) The distal end of the ureteral stent is grasped with the crochet hook and pulled out through the urethra.
Figure 2
Figure 2. The images of this procedure.
These images show the crochet hook technique. However we did not use fluoroscopy in this study.
Figure 3
Figure 3. A comparison of the success rate between the good and poor ureteral stent position groups.
The success rate of ureteral stent removal was significantly higher for stents in a good stent position than in a poor position. (p<0.001).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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