Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2012 Feb 15;205(4):672-9.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir805. Epub 2012 Jan 11.

New malaria-control policies and child mortality in senegal: reaching millennium development goal 4

Jean-François Trape  1 , Claire Sauvage, Ousmane Ndiaye, Laëtitia Douillot, Adama Marra, Aldiouma Diallo, Badara Cisse, Brian Greenwood, Paul Milligan, Cheikh Sokhna, Jean-François Molez
Affiliations

New malaria-control policies and child mortality in senegal: reaching millennium development goal 4

Jean-François Trape et al. J Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: The Demographic Surveillance System established in 1962 in Niakhar, Senegal, is the oldest in Africa. Here, we analyze trends in overall child mortality, malaria, and other causes of death in Niakhar from the beginning of data collection to 2010.

Methods: After an initial census, demographic data were updated yearly from 1963 through 2010. From 1984, causes of death were determined by the verbal autopsy technique.

Results: During 1963-2010, infant and under-5 mortality rates decreased from 223‰ to 18‰ and from 485‰ to 41‰, respectively. The decrease was progressive during the entire observation period, except during 1990-2000, when a plateau and then an increase was observed. Malaria-attributable mortality in under-5 children decreased from 13.5‰ deaths per 1000 children per year during 1992-1999 to 2.2‰ deaths per 1000 children per year in 2010. During this period, all-cause mortality among children aged <5 years decreased by 80%.

Conclusions: Inadequate treatment for chloroquine-resistant malaria and an epidemic of meningitis during the 1990s were the 2 factors that interrupted a continuous decrease in child mortality. Direct and indirect effects of new malaria-control policies, introduced in 2003 and completed during 2006-2008, are likely to have been the key cause of the recent dramatic decrease in child mortality.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in infant (1q0) and under-5 (5q0) mortality in Niakhar area.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Seasonal pattern of deaths among children under 5 years of age in 1995, 2000, 2005 and each year since 2008 (note the disappearance of the seasonal peak in 2008-2010).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Trends in mortality rates attributable to malaria and their relationship to the malaria control interventions. 1. Emergence of chloroquine resistance; 2: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine made available for second line treatment; 3: Amodiaquine + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine introduced for first line treatment; 4: Artesunate + amodiaquine introduced for first line treatment; 5: Widespread deployment of impregnated bednets.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Trend in mortality rates attributable to meningitis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Garenne M, Gakusi E. Health transitions in sub-Saharan Africa: overview of mortality trends in children under 5 years old (1950-2000) Bull World Health Organ. 2006;84:470–78. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ahmad OB,, Lopez AD,, Inoue M. The decline of child mortality: a reappraisal. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78:1175–1191. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Haines A,, Cassels A. Can the millennium development goals be attained? Br Med J. 2004;329:394–397. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Loaiza E, Wardlaw T, Salama P. Child mortality 30 years after the Alma-Ata Declaration. Lancet. 2008;372:874–876. - PubMed
    1. World Bank . The Millennium Development Goals for health: rising to the challenges. World Bank; Washington: 2004.

Publication types