Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2012 Jul;48(11):1593-601.
doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.002. Epub 2012 Jan 12.

Effect of cigarette smoking on quality of life in small cell lung cancer patients

Jun Chen  1 , Yingwei Qi, Jason A Wampfler, Aminah Jatoi, Yolanda I Garces, Allan J Busta, Sumithra J Mandrekar, Ping Yang
Affiliations

Effect of cigarette smoking on quality of life in small cell lung cancer patients

Jun Chen et al. Eur J Cancer. 2012 Jul.

Abstract

Background: Continued cigarette smoking after small cell lung cancer (SCLC) diagnosis has been shown to shorten patients' survival, but little is known about the impact of smoking and cessation on quality of life (QOL) profile (e.g., overall QOL, pain, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, appetite change, and performance status) in SCLC survivors (who survived at least 6 months post initial diagnosis). In this study, we sought to evaluate the relationship between cigarette smoking and QOL profiles in SCLC patients.

Methods: A total of 223 survivors were classified into five groups: never smokers, former smokers (quit more than 1 year prior to diagnosis), recent quitters (quit within 1 year surrounding diagnosis), late quitters (quit after 1 year post diagnosis) and never quitters. One hundred and sixty-eight of these survivors were matched with 334 lung-cancer-free controls on age, gender, and smoking status for comparative analysis. QOL scales were scored from 0 (worse) to 100 (best). Conditional logistic regression, linear mixed-effect models, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used.

Results: SCLC survivors consistently showed a significant deficit in QOL profile; e.g., mean overall QOL in patients was 17.5 points worse than the controls (p<0.0001). Among all smokers, former smokers reported the best QOL profile, while late or never quitters reported the worst. The recent quitters showed an improving trend in QOL profile and lower percent of reduced appetite (an average of 43%) compared to the late or never quitters (58%).

Conclusions: Our study confirmed the negative impact of smoking on SCLC survivors' QOL and found that smoking cessation surrounding the time of diagnosis could improve overall QOL and symptoms. The findings of this study provide evidence for oncologists to recommend smoking cessation to their SCLC patients.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement

All authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Time trend of overall quality of life (QOL) and reduced appetite among groups of patients by smoking cessation. Upper panel: mean overall QOL; lower panel: reduced appetite. (footnote: data of year 4 and beyond were combined.)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Difference in overall QOL and selected symptoms for patients with assessments within 1 year and over 2 years post diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Hollen PJ, Gralla RJ, Cox C, Eberly SW, Kris MG. A dilemma in analysis: issues in the serial measurement of quality of life in patients with advanced lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 1997;18(2):119–36. - PubMed
    1. Govindan R, Page N, Morgensztern D, et al. Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(28):4539–44. - PubMed
    1. Seifter EJ, Ihde DC. Therapy of small cell lung cancer: a perspective on two decades of clinical research. Semin Oncol. 1988;15(3):278–99. - PubMed
    1. Osterlind K, Hansen HH, Hansen M, Dombernowsky P, Andersen PK. Long-term disease-free survival in small cell carcinoma of the lung: a study of clinical determinants. J Clin Oncol. 1986;4(9):1307–13. - PubMed
    1. Glisson BS, Hong WK. Survival after treatment of small-cell lung cancer: an endless uphill battle. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89(23):1745–7. - PubMed

Publication types