Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2009 Jan;1(1):83-100.
doi: 10.3390/nu1010083. Epub 2009 Sep 3.

Dairy-rich diets augment fat loss on an energy-restricted diet: a multicenter trial

Michael B Zemel  1 , Dorothy Teegarden, Marta Van Loan, Dale A Schoeller, Velimir Matkovic, Roseann M Lyle, Bruce A Craig
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Dairy-rich diets augment fat loss on an energy-restricted diet: a multicenter trial

Michael B Zemel et al. Nutrients. 2009 Jan.

Abstract

A 12-week randomized controlled multi-center clinical trial was conducted in 106 overweight and obese adults. Diets were designed to produce a 2,093 kJ/day energy deficit with either low calcium (LC; ~600 mg/day), high calcium (HC; ~1,400 mg/day), or high dairy (HD; three dairy servings, diet totaling ~1,400 mg/day). Ninety-three subjects completed the trial, and 68 met all a priori weekly compliance criteria. Both HC and HD contained comparable levels of calcium, but HC was only ~30% as effective as HD in suppressing 1,25-(OH)(2)D and exerted no significant effects on weight loss or body composition compared to LC. In the group that met compliance criteria, HD resulted in ~two-fold augmentation of fat loss compared to LC and HC (HD: -4.43 ± 0.53 kg; LC: -2.69 ± 0.0.53 kg; HC: -2.23 ± 0.73 kg, p < 0.025); assessment of all completers and an intent-to-treat analysis produced similar trends. HD augmentated central (trunk) fat loss (HD: -2.38 ± 0.30 kg; HC: -1.42 ± 0.30 kg; LC: -1.36 ± 0.42 kg, p < 0.05) and waist circumference (HD: -7.65 ± 0.75 cm; LC: -4.92 ± 0.74 cm; LC: -4.95 ± 1.05 cm, p < 0.025). Similar effects were noted among all subjects completing the study and in an intent-to-treat analysis. These data indicate that dairy-rich diets augment weight loss by targeting the fat compartment during energy restriction.

Keywords: calcium; dairy; energy restriction; multi-center; vitamin D.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of dietary treatments on fat loss. Top panel: Adherent subjects. Middle panel: All subjects completing the study. Bottom panel: Intent-to-treat analysis. All data are presented as mean ± standard error.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Site-Specific effects of dietary treatments on fat loss in adherent subjects. Top panel: USDA Davis. Middle panel: University of Tennessee. Bottom panel: Purdue. All data are presented as mean ± standard error.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of dietary treatments on weight loss. Top panel: Adherent subjects. Middle panel: All subjects completing the study. Bottom panel: Intent-to-treat analysis. All data are presented as mean ± standard error.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of dietary treatments on trunk fat loss. Top panel: Adherent subjects. Middle panel: All subjects completing the study. Bottom panel: Intent-to-treat analysis. All data are presented as mean ± standard error.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of dietary treatments on change in waist circumference. Top panel: Adherent subjects. Middle panel: All subjects completing the study. Bottom panel: Intent-to-treat analysis. All data are presented as mean ± standard error.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Correlation between change in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and change in total body fat (upper panel) and trunk fat (lower panel) among all subjects completing the study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Zemel M.B. Role of calcium and dairy products in energy partitioning and weight management. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004;79:907–912. - PubMed
    1. Zemel M.B., Thompson W., Milstead A., Morris K., Campbell P. Calcium and dairy acceleration of weight and fat loss during energy restriction in obese adults. Obesity Res. 2004;12:582–590. doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.67. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zemel M.B., Richards J., Mathis S., Milstead A., Gebhardt L., Silva E. Dairy augmentation of total and central fat loss in obese subjects. Int. J. Obesity. 2005;29:391–398. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802880. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zemel M.B., Milstead A., Richards J., Campbell P. Effects of calcium and dairy on body composition and weight loss in African American adults. Obes. Res. 2005;13:1218–1225. doi: 10.1038/oby.2005.144. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Shapses S.A., Heshka S., Heymsfield S.B. Effect of calcium supplementation on weight and fat loss in women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2004;89:632–637. doi: 10.1210/jc.2002-021136. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types