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. 2011:2011:6192-5.
doi: 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091529.

Spatially different, real-time temporal filtering and dose reduction for dynamic image guidance during neurovascular interventions

S N Swetadri Vasan  1 , P Sharma, C N Ionita, A H Titus, A N Cartwright, D R Bednarek, S Rudin
Affiliations

Spatially different, real-time temporal filtering and dose reduction for dynamic image guidance during neurovascular interventions

S N Swetadri Vasan et al. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011.

Abstract

Fluoroscopic systems have excellent temporal resolution, but are relatively noisy. In this paper we present a recursive temporal filter with different weights (lag) for different user selected regions of interest (ROI) to assist the neurointerventionalist during an image guided catheter procedure. The filter has been implemented on a Graphics Processor (GPU), enabling its usage for fast frame rates such as during fluoroscopy. We first demonstrate the use of this GPU-implemented rapid temporal filtering technique during an endovascular image guided intervention with normal fluoroscopy. Next we demonstrate its use in combination with ROI fluoroscopy where the exposure is substantially reduced in the peripheral region outside the ROI, which is then software-matched in brightness and filtered using the differential temporal filter. This enables patient dose savings along with improved image quality.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Coil wire outside the aneurysm fed through smaller catheter. Larger catheter is in place, in case stent deployment would be needed to keep coil mass within the aneurysm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Coil-wire entering the aneurysm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Coil-wire successfully guided into the aneurysm.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Example of a CUDA processing flow
Figure 5
Figure 5
Front Panel of the playback program with the processed temporally-filtered output indicating lower noise. The marked circle indicates the unfiltered ROI.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Filter Weight in ROI is 0.70, while it is 0.25 on the outside.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Filter Weight in ROI is 0.25, while it is 0.7 on the outside.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Processed images with equal filter weight of 0.7.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Image reduced in overall pixel values (dose) by a factor of 10 with Poisson noise added; however the display is brightness adjusted for reader convenience.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Unprocessed Image obtained from ROI fluoroscopy. Peripheral region has pixel values (dose) reduced by a factor of 10.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Display brightness enhanced outside the ROI.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Temporal Filter with a higher weight (0.75) applied only outside the ROI to reduce the noise due to 10X dose reduction.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CUDA_processing_flow_(En).PNG.

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