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. 2012 Jan;18(1):38-47.
doi: 10.3201/eid1801.110784.

Accelerating control of pertussis in England and Wales

Helen Campbell  1 , Gayatri Amirthalingam, Nick Andrews, Norman K Fry, Robert C George, Timothy G Harrison, Elizabeth Miller
Affiliations

Accelerating control of pertussis in England and Wales

Helen Campbell et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Jan.

Abstract

Results of an accelerated pertussis vaccination schedule for infants introduced in 1990 in England and Wales were examined. Earlier scheduling and sustained high vaccine coverage resulted in fewer reported cases of pertussis among infants, reinforcing the World Health Organization drive for on-time completion of the infant vaccination schedule. As determined by using the screening method, the first dose of vaccine was 61.7% effective in infants <6 months of age, and effectiveness increased with subsequent doses. Three doses of a good whole-cell pertussis vaccine were 83.7% effective in children 10-16 years of age; a preschool booster vaccination further reduced pertussis incidence in children <10 years of age. As in other industrialized countries, surveillance data during 1998-2009 showed that pertussis in England and Wales mainly persists in young infants (i.e., <3 months of age), teenagers, and adults. Future vaccine program changes may be beneficial, but additional detail is required to inform such decisions.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes to routine childhood pertussis immunization programs and notifications of pertussis disease (all ages) and vaccine coverage among children <2 years of age, England and Wales, 1940–2009. DTwP, diphtheria/tetanus/whole-cell pertussis vaccine; DTaP3, diphtheria/tetanus/3-component acellular pertussis vaccine; DTaP5, diphtheria/tetanus/5-component aP vaccine; DTaP3-Hib, diphtheria/tetanus/3-component acellular pertussis/Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; DTaP3-Hib-IPV, diphtheria/tetanus/3-component acellular pertussis/Haemophilus influenzae type b/inactivated polio vaccine; DTaP3-IPV, diphtheria/tetanus/3-component acellular pertussis/inactivated polio vaccine; DTaP5-IPV, diphtheria/tetanus/5-component acellular pertussis/inactivated polio vaccine.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age-group distribution of case-patients <12 months of age in pertussis case-notification reports, by total case-patients (A) and proportion by age (B), England and Wales, 1983–2009. Red, <3 months of age; blue, 3–5 months of age; black, 6–11 months of age.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pertussis disease notifications, laboratory confirmations, and hospital episodes in infants <3 months of age, England and Wales, 1998–2009.
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References

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