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Review
. 2011 Fall;8(3):382-91.
doi: 10.1900/RDS.2011.8.382. Epub 2011 Nov 10.

Cardiovascular effects of incretin-based therapies

Michael Lehrke  1 , Nikolaus Marx
Affiliations
Review

Cardiovascular effects of incretin-based therapies

Michael Lehrke et al. Rev Diabet Stud. 2011 Fall.

Abstract

GLP-1-modulating therapies are a class of anti-diabetic drugs that improve glycemic control by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. In addition, GLP-1-based therapies have a variety of extrapancreatic effects, including satiety induction and gastric mobility reduction, which extend to distinct cardiovascular actions. GLP-1 was found to reduce infarct size in the context of acute myocardial ischemia which depends on the activation of prosurvival pathways including PI3-kinase, Akt, and ERK1/2. Also, GLP-1 augments the left ventricular function in dilative and metabolic cardiomyopathy, possibly by increasing insulin independent cardiomyocyte glucose uptake. Furthermore, experimental and preliminary clinical evidence suggest vasoprotective efficacy of GLP-1 mediated by improved endothelial function and anti-inflammatory capacities leading to atheroprotection. Mechanistically, the GLP-1 receptor is relevant for glucose lowering efficacy of GLP-1. However, many of its vasoprotective actions have also been described for the GLP-1 metabolite (9-37), which does not activate the GLP-1 receptor, suggesting the presence of an additional, yet unknown, signaling pathway. Ongoing research investigates the relevance of these observations in human disease and underlying mechanisms, which are reviewed in the present article.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Effects of GLP-1 during acute myocardial infarction
PI3K: phosphoinositol 3-kinase. ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinases. PKA: protein kinase A. eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase. BAD: Bcl-2-associated death promoter. GSK: glycogen synthase kinase 3.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Modulation of myocardial substrate utilization by GLP-1 during heart failure
FA: fatty acids.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Vasoprotective effects of GLP-1
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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