Mucositis, peri-implantitis, implant success, and survival of implants in patients with treated generalized aggressive periodontitis: 3- to 16-year results of a prospective long-term cohort study

Abstract

Background: The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the prevalence of mucositis, peri-implantitis, implant success, and survival in partially edentulous patients treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and in periodontally healthy individuals.

Methods: Thirty-five patients treated for GAgP and 18 periodontally healthy patients orally rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants participated in the study. They were first examined 2 to 4 weeks before extraction of the non-retainable teeth (baseline) and 3 weeks after insertion of the final abutments. Additional examinations were performed during a 3-month recall schedule over a 5- to 16-year period (mean, 8.25 years). At every session, clinical parameters were recorded. At 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 years after insertion of the superstructure, a microbiological and radiographic examination was performed.

Results: The results show implant survival rates of 100% in periodontally healthy individuals versus 96% in GAgP patients. The implant success rate was 33% in GAgP patients and 50% in periodontally healthy individuals. In GAgP patients, mucositis was present in 56% and peri-implantitis in 26% of the implants. In periodontally healthy individuals, 40% of the implants showed mucositis and 10% peri-implantitis. GAgP patients had a five times greater risk of implant failure, a three times greater risk of mucositis, and a 14 times greater risk of peri-implantitis.

Conclusion: These results suggest that patients with treated GAgP are more susceptible to mucositis and peri-implantitis, with lower implant survival and success rates.