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. 2012 Jan;9(1):e1001161.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001161. Epub 2012 Jan 17.

Monitoring the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines into West Africa: design and implementation of a population-based surveillance system

Grant A Mackenzie  1 , Ian D Plumb, Sana Sambou, Debasish Saha, Uchendu Uchendu, Bolanle Akinsola, Usman N Ikumapayi, Ignatius Baldeh, Effua Usuf, Kebba Touray, Momodou Jasseh, Stephen R C Howie, Andre Wattiaux, Ellen Lee, Maria Deloria Knoll, Orin S Levine, Brian M Greenwood, Richard A Adegbola, Philip C Hill
Affiliations

Monitoring the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines into West Africa: design and implementation of a population-based surveillance system

Grant A Mackenzie et al. PLoS Med. 2012 Jan.

Abstract

Routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in developing countries is expected to lead to a significant reduction in childhood deaths. However, PCVs have been associated with replacement disease with non-vaccine serotypes. We established a population-based surveillance system to document the direct and indirect impact of PCVs on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and radiological pneumonia in those aged 2 months and older in The Gambia, and to monitor changes in serotype-specific IPD. Here we describe how this surveillance system was set up and is being operated as a partnership between the Medical Research Council Unit and the Gambian Government. This surveillance system is expected to provide crucial information for immunisation policy and serves as a potential model for those introducing routine PCV vaccination in diverse settings.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Map of catchment area for the surveillance system in The Gambia, including settlements, primary health care (PHC), and other health facilities.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Flow chart for the Gambian pneumococcal surveillance system.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Project management for the establishment of the Gambian pneumococcal surveillance system: major dependency relationships.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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