The 24-h energy intake of obese adolescents is spontaneously reduced after intensive exercise: a randomized controlled trial in calorimetric chambers

Abstract

Background: Physical exercise can modify subsequent energy intake and appetite and may thus be of particular interest in terms of obesity treatment. However, it is still unclear whether an intensive bout of exercise can affect the energy consumption of obese children and adolescents.

Objective: To compare the impact of high vs. moderate intensity exercises on subsequent 24-h energy intake, macronutrient preferences, appetite sensations, energy expenditure and balance in obese adolescent.

Design: This randomized cross-over trial involves 15 obese adolescent boys who were asked to randomly complete three 24-h sessions in a metabolic chamber, each separated by at least 7 days: (1) sedentary (SED); (2) Low-Intensity Exercise (LIE) (40% maximal oxygen uptake, VO(2)max); (3) High-Intensity Exercise (HIE) (75%VO(2)max).

Results: Despite unchanged appetite sensations, 24-h total energy intake following HIE was 6-11% lower compared to LIE and SED (p<0.05), whereas no differences appeared between SED and LIE. Energy intake at lunch was 9.4% and 8.4% lower after HIE compared to SED and LIE, respectively (p<0.05). At dinner time, it was 20.5% and 19.7% lower after HIE compared to SED and LIE, respectively (p<0.01). 24-h energy expenditure was not significantly altered. Thus, the 24-h energy balance was significantly reduced during HIE compared to SED and LIE (p<0.01), whereas those of SED and LIE did not differ.

Conclusions: In obese adolescent boys, HIE has a beneficial impact on 24-h energy balance, mainly due to the spontaneous decrease in energy intake during lunch and dinner following the exercise bout. Prescribing high-intensity exercises to promote weight loss may therefore provide effective results without affecting appetite sensations and, as a result, food frustrations.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01036360.

Figure 1. Energy consumption (KJ) distribution between meals for each experimental session (SED: sedentary; LIE: Low-Intensity Exercise; HIE: High-Intensity exercise).

Breakfast on day 1 (BF1) was calibrated; lunch, dinner and BF2 (breakfast on day 2) were offered ad libitum (adlib). *p<0.05; **p<0.01.

Figure 2. 24-h protein (Prot), Lipid and Carbohydrate (CHO) relative intake (%) during each experimental session (SED: Sedentary; LIE: Low-Intensity Exercise; HIE: High-Intensity Exercise).

Figure 3. Subjective satiety feeling (Visual Analogue Scale of 100 mm) throughout the experimental sessions (SED: Sedentary; LIE: Low-Intensity Exercise; HIE: High-Intensity Exercise).

BF1: calibrated breakfast on day 1; BF2: ad libitum breakfast on day 2.