Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2012 Jan 13:3:1.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00001. eCollection 2012.

Natural antibiotic resistance and contamination by antibiotic resistance determinants: the two ages in the evolution of resistance to antimicrobials

José L Martínez  1
Affiliations

Natural antibiotic resistance and contamination by antibiotic resistance determinants: the two ages in the evolution of resistance to antimicrobials

José L Martínez. Front Microbiol. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Abraham E. P., Chain E. (1940). An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin. Nature 146, 837.10.1038/146837b0 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Baquero F., Alvarez-Ortega C., Martinez J. L. (2009). Ecology and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Environ. Microbiol. Rep. 1, 469–47610.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00053.x - DOI - PubMed
    1. Baquero F., Martinez J. L., Canton R. (2008). Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 19, 260–26510.1016/j.copbio.2008.05.006 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Benveniste R., Davies J. (1973). Aminoglycoside antibiotic-inactivating enzymes in actinomycetes similar to those present in clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 2276–228010.1073/pnas.70.12.3316 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Brown M. G., Balkwill D. L. (2009). Antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from the deep terrestrial subsurface. Microb. Ecol. 57, 484–49310.1007/s00248-008-9461-0 - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources