Effects of patellar taping on brain activity during knee joint proprioception tests using functional magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

Background: Patellar taping is a common treatment modality for physical therapists managing patellofemoral pain. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear, with much debate as to whether its efficacy is due to a change in patellar alignment or an alteration in sensory input.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory input hypothesis using functional magnetic resonance imaging when taping was applied to the knee joint during a proprioception task.

Design: This was an observational study with patellar taping intervention.

Methods: Eight male volunteers who were healthy and right-leg dominant participated in a motor block design study. Each participant performed 2 right knee extension repetitive movement tasks: one simple and one proprioceptive. These tasks were performed with and without patellar taping and were auditorally paced for 400 seconds at 72 beats/min (1.2 Hz).

Results: The proprioception task without patellar taping caused a positive blood oxygenation level-dependant (BOLD) response bilaterally in the medial supplementary motor area, the cingulate motor area, the basal ganglion, and the thalamus and medial primary sensory motor cortex. For the proprioception task with patellar taping, there was a decreased BOLD response in these regions. In the lateral primary sensory cortex, there was a negative BOLD response with less activity for the proprioception task with taping. Limitations This study may have been limited by the small sample size, a possible learning effect due to a nonrandom order of tasks, and use of a single-joint knee extension task.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patellar taping modulates brain activity in several areas of the brain during a proprioception knee movement task.

Figure 1.

Diagram of the tasks. Task: 50 seconds at 72 beats/min=60 repetitions. Total of 240 repetitions=total of 80 images. Total task time=1,600 seconds (26.6 minutes).

Figure 2.

The effects of taping on both types of knee movement tasks: (A) primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1)=bilaterally tape > no tape; (B) cerebellum (Cb) no tape > tape. Yellow=areas of high statistically significant levels of activity in contrast to the other conditions, light blue=areas of negative activity in contrast to other conditions, dark blue=areas of more negative activity in contrast to other conditions.

Figure 3.

Histogram showing percentage of blood oxygenation–level dependent (BOLD) contrast responses in the: (A) primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1); (B) cerebellum (Cb).

Figure 4.

The interaction effect of tasks and tape: (A) supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) for tape (proprioception task−simple task) > no tape (proprioception task−simple task); (B) primary sensory cortex (S1) for no tape (proprioception task−simple task) > tape (proprioception task−simple task). Yellow=areas of high statistically significant levels of activity in contrast to other conditions, red=areas of less statistically significant levels of activity in contrast to other conditions, light blue=areas of negative activity in contrast to other conditions, dark blue=areas of lower negative activity in contrast to other conditions.

Figure 5.

Histogram showing percentage of blood oxygenation–level dependent (BOLD) contrast responses in the: supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) for tape (proprioception task−simple task) > no tape (proprioception task−simple task) and (B) primary sensory cortex (S1) for no tape (proprioception task− simple task) > tape (proprioception task−simple task).