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. 2002:1:e0004.
doi: 10.1199/tab.0004. Epub 2002 Mar 27.

Sterol metabolism

Pierre Benveniste  1
Affiliations

Sterol metabolism

Pierre Benveniste. Arabidopsis Book. 2002.
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Biosynthetic pathway leading to plant sterols. From mevalonate to squalene.HMGR = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase ; MVK = mevalonate kinase ; PMVK : 5-phosphomevalonate kinase ; MVDPD = mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase ; IDI = isopentenyl diphosphate-dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase ; FPS = farnesyl diphosphate synthase ; SDS = squalene synthetase.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Biosynthetic pathway leading to plant sterols. From squalene to end pathway sterols.SMT1, SMT2 = sterol-methyltransferases ; FACKEL = Δ8,14-sterol-Δ14-reductase ; STE1/DWARF7/BUL1 = Δ7-sterol-C5(6)-desaturase ; DWARF5 = Δ5,7-sterol-Δ7-reductase ; DWARF1/DIM = Δ5-sterol-Δ24-reductase (isomerase) ; CPI = cyclopropyl sterol isomerase ; CYP51 = obtusifoliol-14α-demethylase.
Fig. 2a.
Fig. 2a.
Fig. 2b.
Fig. 2b.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Plant sterol metabolism.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Phylogenetic tree constructed for several plant, animal, fungal and bacterial triterpene synthases. AAHOP and ZMHOP : Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and Zymomonas mobilis hopene synthases (Wendt et al., 1997), RNLAN, SCLAN and TBLAN : Rattus norvegicus (Abe and Prestwich, 1995), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Shi et al., 1994) and Trypanosoma cruzi (Joubert et al., 2001) lanosterol synthases. ATCYC, DDCYC, PSCYC, GGCYC, PGCYC, LCCYC : Arabidopsis thaliana (Corey et al., 1993), Dictyostelium discoidum (Godzina et al., 2000), Pisum sativum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Panax ginseng (Kushiro et al., 1998), Luffa cylindrica cycloartenol synthases (Kushiro et al., 1999). ATLUP1 to 5 : Arabidopsis thaliana triterpene synthases which cyclize 2,3-oxidosqualene into various pentacyclic triterpenes (Herrera et al., 1998 ; Husselstein-Muller et al., 2001 ; Kushiro et al., 2000). PGAM1 and PGAM2 : Panax Ginseng β-amyrin synthase (Kushiro et al., 1998). PSAM1 and PSAM2 : Pisum sativum β-amyrin synthase and multifunctional triterpene synthase respectively. OELUP and TOLUP : Olea europeae and Taraxacum officinalis lupeol synthases (Kushiro et al., 1999) ; ATPEN1 to 7 ; Arabidopsis thaliana putative triterpene synthases. Accession Numbers for ATLUP1-5, ATPEN1-7, and ATCYC are given in Table 1. The phylogenetic tree has been rooted with AAHOP as outgroup. The numbers at the nodes of the dendogram are bootstrap which indicate the frequencies of occurrence of partitions found in the tree. The phylogenetic tree was developed with the aligned sequences from GCG files (version 10.1 of UNIX) and the PAUP program according to Doyle and Gaut (2000). The phylogenetic tree was drawn with TreeView.
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References

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