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. 2002:1:e0005.
doi: 10.1199/tab.0005. Epub 2002 Apr 4.

Repair of damaged bases

Anne Britt  1
Affiliations

Repair of damaged bases

Anne Britt. Arabidopsis Book. 2002.
No abstract available

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Figures

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Figure 1: Pyrimidine dimers. The cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (top) and the pyrimidine [6-4]pyrimidinone dimer (bottom) make up the two major classes of UV-induced DNA damage. Arabidopsis produces both a CPD-specific and a 6-4 specific photolyase.
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Figure 2: Base excision repair. This process is initiated by any one of a variety of lesion-specific glycosylases. The resulting abasic site is then further processed into a gap, either through the action of the AP lyase activity associated with a bifunctional glycosylase (right) or by an AP endonuclease. Either activity produces a gapped DNA with complex ends which must be further processed to create a 3′ OH terminus (to act as a primer for repair synthesis) and a 5′ phosphate terminus (to serve as a substrate for ligation).
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Figure 3: Possible AP endonucleases of Arabidopsis. All of the AP endonuclease-like genes are of the exoIII family; there are no convincing endoIV-like genes. Numbers indicate percent amino acid identity to the exoIII domain of hsAPE1. The Arabidopsis Arp protein exhibits, in vitro, the redox activity of the human Ape1 gene product.
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Figure 4: A model for nucleotide excision repair. The global genome repair pathway (GGR), rather than the transcription-coupled repair (TCR) pathway, is illustrated. In GGR initial recognition is established via the XPC/RAD23 complex (XPE also plays a role in the recognition of CPDs). In TCR, primary recognition is via RNA polymerase II. TCR, but not GGR, requires the presence of the CSA and CSB gene products that may play a role in pushing the polymerase away from the lesion to provide access for XPA and TFIIH.
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Figure 5: Substrates of the RAD1 repair endonuclease. scRAD1 (and presumably its Arabidopsis homolog, uvh1) is required for both the repair of a variety of bulky lesions via NER and for the trimming of flaps generated either through nonhomologous end joining or ectopic homologous recombination of limited regions of sequence similarity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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