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Review
. 2012;13(1):737-757.
doi: 10.3390/ijms13010737. Epub 2012 Jan 11.

Nanostructured biomaterials for tissue engineered bone tissue reconstruction

Gardin Chiara  1 , Ferroni Letizia  1 , Favero Lorenzo  2 , Stellini Edoardo  2 , Stomaci Diego  2 , Sivolella Stefano  2 , Bressan Eriberto  2 , Zavan Barbara  1
Affiliations
Review

Nanostructured biomaterials for tissue engineered bone tissue reconstruction

Gardin Chiara et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2012.

Erratum in

  • Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(5):6452-3. Chiara, Gardin [corrected to Gardin, Chiara]; Letizia, Ferroni [corrected to Ferroni, Letizia]; Lorenzo, Favero [corrected to Favero, Lorenzo]; Edoardo, Stellini [corrected to Stellini, Edoardo]; Diego, Stomaci [corrected to Stomaci, Diego]; Stefano, Sivol

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering strategies are emerging as attractive alternatives to autografts and allografts in bone tissue reconstruction, in particular thanks to their association with nanotechnologies. Nanostructured biomaterials, indeed, mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the natural bone, creating an artificial microenvironment that promotes cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. At the same time, the possibility to easily isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different adult tissues together with their multi-lineage differentiation potential makes them an interesting tool in the field of bone tissue engineering. This review gives an overview of the most promising nanostructured biomaterials, used alone or in combination with MSCs, which could in future be employed as bone substitutes. Recent works indicate that composite scaffolds made of ceramics/metals or ceramics/polymers are undoubtedly more effective than the single counterparts in terms of osteoconductivity, osteogenicity and osteoinductivity. A better understanding of the interactions between MSCs and nanostructured biomaterials will surely contribute to the progress of bone tissue engineering.

Keywords: bone; nanostructures; stem cells; tissue engineering.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM images showing: (a) a blasted titanium surface; (b) a titanium plasma-spraying (TPS) titanium surface; and (c) a sand-blasted large grit-size acid-etched (SLA) titanium surface. Image (a) adapted from [30], images (b) and (c) adapted from [32].
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM images showing: (a) nHA electrospraying obtained with a distance between nozzle and collector of 20 mm; and (b) nHA electrohydrodynamic printing generated with a working distance of 0.5 mm. Figure adapted from [40].
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images showing: (a) polyurethane (PU) random fibers as a result of electrospinning; and (b) PU ordered and overlapped fibers obtained with electrohydrodynamic printing. Figure adapted from [25].
Figure 4
Figure 4
FESEM images of (a) electrospun PLACL/gelatin/HA-blended nanofibers and (b) electrospun PLACL/gelatin/HA-sprayed nanofibers. Figure adapted from [73].
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Confocal microscopy image of PLLA/PBLG/collagen/HA nanofibers showing osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs, expressing both CD105 (green) and OCN (red); 60× magnification; (b) SEM image showing minerals secreted by ADSCs on PLLA/PBLG/collagen/HA nanofibers; 2,500× magnification. Figure adapted from [80].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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