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. 2011 Nov;34(6):535-46.
doi: 10.1179/204577211X13207446293695.

International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)

Steven C Kirshblum  1 , Stephen P Burns, Fin Biering-Sorensen, William Donovan, Daniel E Graves, Amitabh Jha, Mark Johansen, Linda Jones, Andrei Krassioukov, M J Mulcahey, Mary Schmidt-Read, William Waring
Affiliations

International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011)

Steven C Kirshblum et al. J Spinal Cord Med. 2011 Nov.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic depiction of key points for sensory testing.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic depiction of innervation of each of three key muscles by two nerve segments.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Figure of the lower spinal cord highlighting conus medullaris and cauda equina.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Aids to Investigation of Peripheral Nerve Injuries Medical Research Council War Memorandum, 2nd ed, Revised London, HMSO, 1943
    1. Alexander MS, Biering-Sorensen F, Bodner D, et al. International standards to document remaining autonomic function after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(1):36–43 - PubMed
    1. American Spinal Injury Association: International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury, revised 2000; Atlanta, GA, Reprinted 2008.
    1. American Spinal Injury Association Reference manual for the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Chicago, IL: American Spinal Injury Association; 2003
    1. Austin GM: The Spinal Cord: Basic Aspects and Surgical Considerations. 2nd ed, p.762 Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1972

MeSH terms