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. 2013 Mar;17(3):914-25.
doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0140-2.

Dual process interaction model of HIV-risk behaviors among drug offenders

Susan L Ames  1 , Jerry L Grenard, Alan W Stacy
Affiliations

Dual process interaction model of HIV-risk behaviors among drug offenders

Susan L Ames et al. AIDS Behav. 2013 Mar.

Abstract

This study evaluated dual process interaction models of HIV-risk behavior among drug offenders. A dual process approach suggests that decisions to engage in appetitive behaviors result from a dynamic interplay between a relatively automatic associative system and an executive control system. One synergistic type of interplay suggests that executive functions may dampen or block effects of spontaneously activated associations. Consistent with this model, latent variable interaction analyses revealed that drug offenders scoring higher in affective decision making were relatively protected from predictive effects of spontaneous sex associations promoting risky sex. Among drug offenders with lower levels of affective decision making ability, spontaneous sexually-related associations more strongly predicted risky sex (lack of condom use and greater number of sex partners). These findings help elucidate associative and control process effects on appetitive behaviors and are important for explaining why some individuals engage in risky sex, while others are relatively protected.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Specific form of the interaction in the dual process model with affective decision making scores as moderator (Z) and spontaneous sex associations (X) scored continuously from low to high
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Latent factor interaction model with condom use regressed on spontaneous sex associations (assessed with word association production tests) and affective decision making (assessed with the IGT). Model fit: χ2 = 112.419, df = 80, p = 0.010; CFI = 0.938, TLI = 0.908, RMSEA = 0.050 (95% CI: 0.025, 0.070), SRMR = 0.052. Estimates for non-significant covariates are not shown for clarity. Standardized estimates; one-tailed p-values on regression coefficient estimates: †p < 0.10; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Nature of the interaction found when condom use was regressed on affective decision making and spontaneous sex associations scored continuously from low to high
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Latent factor interaction model with multiple partners regressed on spontaneous sex associations and affective decision making. Model fit: χ2 = 140.157, df = 113, p = 0.042; CFI = 0.965, TLI = 0.953, RMSEA = 0.038 (95% CI: 0.008, 0.057), SRMR = 0.051. Estimates for non-significant covariates are not shown for clarity. Standardized estimates, one-tailed p-values for regression coefficient estimates: †p < 0.10; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Nature of the interaction found when multiple partners was regressed on affective decision making and spontaneous sex associations scored continuously from low to high
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