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Meta-Analysis
. 2012 Feb 15;2012(2):CD003264.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003264.pub3.

Growth hormone for children with chronic kidney disease

Elisabeth M Hodson  1 , Narelle S Willis, Jonathan C Craig
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Growth hormone for children with chronic kidney disease

Elisabeth M Hodson et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Growth retardation is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children and is of concern to families. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment has been used to help short children with CKD attain a height more in keeping with their age group. However there are concerns about the long-term benefits of rhGH in significantly improving adult height as well as concerns about potential adverse effects (deterioration in native kidney function, increased acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients, benign intracranial hypertension).

Objectives: To evaluate the benefits and harms of rhGH treatment in children with CKD.

Search methods: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 12, 2011), MEDLINE (from 1966), EMBASE (from 1980), article reference lists and through contact with local and international experts in the field.Date of last search: December 29, 2011

Selection criteria: RCTs were included if they were carried out in children aged zero to 18 years, diagnosed with CKD, who were pre-dialysis, on dialysis or post-transplant; if they compared rhGH treatment with placebo/no treatment or two doses of rhGH treatments; and if they included height outcomes.

Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed studies for risk of bias and extracted data from eligible studies. Data was pooled using a random effects model with calculation of mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main results: Sixteen studies (enrolling 809 children) were identified. Risk of bias assessment indicated that study quality was poor or poorly reported with only four and five studies respectively reporting adequate allocation concealment or blinding of study participants and investigators. Treatment with rhGH (28 IU/m²/wk) compared with placebo or no specific therapy resulted in a significant increase in height standard deviation score (HSDS) at one year (8 studies, 391 children: MD 0.82, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.07), and a significant increase in height velocity at six months (2 studies, 27 children: MD 2.85 cm/6 mo, 95% CI 2.22 to 3.48) and one year (7 studies, 287 children: MD 3.88 cm/y, 95% CI 3.32 to 4.44). Height velocity, though reduced, remained significantly greater than untreated children during the second year of therapy (1 study, 82 children: MD 2.30 cm/y, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.21). Compared to the 14 IU/m²/wk group, there was a 1.18 cm/y increase in height velocity in the 28 IU/m²/wk group (3 studies, 150 children: 1.18 cm/y, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.84) . The frequency of reported side effects of rhGH was generally similar to that of the control group.

Authors' conclusions: One year of 28 IU/m²/wk rhGH in children with CKD resulted in a 3.88 cm increase in height velocity above that of untreated patients. Studies were too short to determine if continuing treatment resulted in an increase in final adult height.

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Conflict of interest statement

None known.

Figures

1
1
Flow chart comparing study selection, interventions investigated, numbers of children and outcomes reported between initial review and latest update
2
2
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
3
3
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 28 IU/m²/wk versus placebo/no treatment, Outcome 1 HSDS after 1 year of rhGH.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 28 IU/m²/wk versus placebo/no treatment, Outcome 2 HSDS after 1 year according to treatment status.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 28 IU/m²/wk versus placebo/no treatment, Outcome 3 Change in height SDS according to pubertal status.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 28 IU/m²/wk versus placebo/no treatment, Outcome 4 Height velocity (cm/6 mo) after 6 months of rhGH.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 28 IU/m²/wk versus placebo/no treatment, Outcome 5 Height velocity (cm/y) after 1 year of rhGH.
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 28 IU/m²/wk versus placebo/no treatment, Outcome 6 Height velocity (cm/y) according to pubertal status.
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 28 IU/m²/wk versus placebo/no treatment, Outcome 7 Change in height velocity SDS.
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 28 IU/m²/wk versus placebo/no treatment, Outcome 8 Growth after 2 years of rhGH.
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 28 IU/m²/wk versus placebo/no treatment, Outcome 9 Change in bone age.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 28 IU/m²/wk versus 14 IU/m²/wk, Outcome 1 Final or change in HSDS.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 28 IU/m²/wk versus 14 IU/m²/wk, Outcome 2 Final/change in height velocity (cm/time period).
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 28 IU/m²/wk versus 14 IU/m²/wk, Outcome 3 Final/change in height velocity SDS.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 56 IU/m²/wk versus 28 IU/m²/wk, Outcome 1 Change in HSDS.
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 56 IU/m²/wk versus 28 IU/m²/wk, Outcome 2 Change in height velocity (cm/y).
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